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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-134

Allowed

Use of Externally-Controlled Format String

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product uses a function that accepts a format string as an argument, but the format string originates from an external source.

530 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-3X92-JHWW-8QJ8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:37 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:37
VLAI
Details

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of NetGain Systems Enterprise Manager v7.2.699 build 1001. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the content parameter provided to the script_test.jsp endpoint. A crafted content request parameter can trigger execution of a system call composed from a user-supplied string. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the web service. Was ZDI-CAN-5080.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-17407"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-134"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-01-23T01:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on vulnerable installations of NetGain Systems Enterprise Manager v7.2.699 build 1001. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the handling of the content parameter provided to the script_test.jsp endpoint. A crafted content request parameter can trigger execution of a system call composed from a user-supplied string. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code under the context of the web service. Was ZDI-CAN-5080.",
  "id": "GHSA-3x92-jhww-8qj8",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:37:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:37:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-17407"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-17-954"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-436R-9CVQ-HJQ5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-30 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-06 00:01
VLAI
Details

A Format String vulnerability exists in DrayTek Vigor 2960 <= 1.5.1.3, DrayTek Vigor 3900 <= 1.5.1.3, and DrayTek Vigor 300B <= 1.5.1.3 in the mainfunction.cgi file via a crafted HTTP message containing malformed QUERY STRING, which could let a remote malicious user execute arbitrary code.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-42911"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-134"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-29T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A Format String vulnerability exists in DrayTek Vigor 2960 \u003c= 1.5.1.3, DrayTek Vigor 3900 \u003c= 1.5.1.3, and DrayTek Vigor 300B \u003c= 1.5.1.3 in the mainfunction.cgi file via a crafted HTTP message containing malformed QUERY STRING, which could let a remote malicious user execute arbitrary code.",
  "id": "GHSA-436r-9cvq-hjq5",
  "modified": "2022-04-06T00:01:57Z",
  "published": "2022-03-30T00:00:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42911"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/Cossack9989/e9c1c2d2e69b773ca4251acdd77f2835"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-43GP-2VCJ-4VXJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:16 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:16
VLAI
Details

Format string vulnerability in Wireshark 0.99.8 through 1.0.5 on non-Windows platforms allows local users to cause a denial of service (application crash) via format string specifiers in the HOME environment variable.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2009-0601"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-134"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-02-16T20:30:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Format string vulnerability in Wireshark 0.99.8 through 1.0.5 on non-Windows platforms allows local users to cause a denial of service (application crash) via format string specifiers in the HOME environment variable.",
  "id": "GHSA-43gp-2vcj-4vxj",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T03:16:57Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T03:16:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-0601"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.wireshark.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=3150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.rpath.com/browse/RPL-2984"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2009-03/msg00000.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/34264"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://wiki.rpath.com/Advisories:rPSA-2009-0040"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/501763/100/0/threaded"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/33690"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1021697"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/0370"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.wireshark.org/security/wnpa-sec-2009-01.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-4426-49XV-WXG5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:47 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:47
VLAI
Details

Multiple format string vulnerabilities in FlightGear 2.6 and earlier and SimGear 2.6 and earlier allow user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in certain data chunk values in an aircraft xml model to (1) fgfs/flightgear/src/Cockpit/panel.cxx or (2) fgfs/flightgear/src/Network/generic.cxx, or (3) a scene graph model to simgear/simgear/scene/model/SGText.cxx.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-2090"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-134"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-06-17T03:41:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple format string vulnerabilities in FlightGear 2.6 and earlier and SimGear 2.6 and earlier allow user-assisted remote attackers to cause a denial of service and possibly execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in certain data chunk values in an aircraft xml model to (1) fgfs/flightgear/src/Cockpit/panel.cxx or (2) fgfs/flightgear/src/Network/generic.cxx, or (3) a scene graph model to simgear/simgear/scene/model/SGText.cxx.",
  "id": "GHSA-4426-49xv-wxg5",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T01:47:00Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:47:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2090"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=811617"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/74791"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201603-12"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/081997.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082002.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2012-June/082017.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/48780"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=28957051"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://sourceforge.net/mailarchive/message.php?msg_id=29012174"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/04/10/13"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-4764-M84F-XPJW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:55 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:58
VLAI
Details

Format string vulnerability in the CmdKeywords function in funct1.c in latex2rtf before 2.3.10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in the \keywords command in a crafted TeX file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-8106"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-134"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-04-18T14:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Format string vulnerability in the CmdKeywords function in funct1.c in latex2rtf before 2.3.10 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in the \\keywords command in a crafted TeX file.",
  "id": "GHSA-4764-m84f-xpjw",
  "modified": "2025-04-12T12:58:48Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:55:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-8106"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1282492"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/latex2rtf/code/1244"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2016-April/181276.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2016-April/181677.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2016-April/181725.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/11/16/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-47PM-RHM6-W3XC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:47 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:47
VLAI
Details

VMware Authentication Daemon 1.0 in vmware-authd.exe in the VMware Authorization Service in VMware Workstation 7.0 before 7.0.1 build 227600 and 6.5.x before 6.5.4 build 246459, VMware Player 3.0 before 3.0.1 build 227600 and 2.5.x before 2.5.4 build 246459, VMware ACE 2.6 before 2.6.1 build 227600 and 2.5.x before 2.5.4 build 246459, and VMware Server 2.x allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process crash) via a \x25\xFF sequence in the USER and PASS commands, related to a "format string DoS" issue. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2009-3707"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-134"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-10-16T16:30:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "VMware Authentication Daemon 1.0 in vmware-authd.exe in the VMware Authorization Service in VMware Workstation 7.0 before 7.0.1 build 227600 and 6.5.x before 6.5.4 build 246459, VMware Player 3.0 before 3.0.1 build 227600 and 2.5.x before 2.5.4 build 246459, VMware ACE 2.6 before 2.6.1 build 227600 and 2.5.x before 2.5.4 build 246459, and VMware Server 2.x allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (process crash) via a \\x25\\xFF sequence in the USER and PASS commands, related to a \"format string DoS\" issue. NOTE: some of these details are obtained from third party information.",
  "id": "GHSA-47pm-rhm6-w3xc",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T03:47:48Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T03:47:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3707"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2010-04/0077.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2010-04/0121.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.vmware.com/pipermail/security-announce/2010/000090.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36988"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/39206"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/39215"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-201209-25.xml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securitytracker.com/id?1022997"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/36630"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.shinnai.net/exploits/abFwcLOuFqmD20yqhYpQ.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.shinnai.net/index.php?mod=02_Forum\u0026group=02_Bugs_and_Exploits\u0026argument=01_Remote\u0026topic=1254924405.ff.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.shinnai.net/xplits/TXT_JtYUv6C6j5b6Bw6iIkF4.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2010-0007.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-488X-JPC9-9C55

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:17 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:17
VLAI
Details

NetApp Data ONTAP before 8.2.5 and 8.3.x before 8.3.2P12 allow remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service via vectors related to unsafe user input string handling.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-1895"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-134"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-09-01T21:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "NetApp Data ONTAP before 8.2.5 and 8.3.x before 8.3.2P12 allow remote authenticated users to cause a denial of service via vectors related to unsafe user input string handling.",
  "id": "GHSA-488x-jpc9-9c55",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T01:17:02Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T01:17:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1895"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kb.netapp.com/support/s/article/NTAP-20170831-0003"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4CRP-JH2P-XG7W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:42 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:42
VLAI
Details

Multiple format string vulnerabilities in lib/silcclient/command.c in Secure Internet Live Conferencing (SILC) Toolkit before 1.1.10, and SILC Client 1.1.8 and earlier, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in a channel name, related to (1) silc_client_command_topic, (2) silc_client_command_kick, (3) silc_client_command_leave, and (4) silc_client_command_users.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2009-3163"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-134"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2009-09-10T21:30:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple format string vulnerabilities in lib/silcclient/command.c in Secure Internet Live Conferencing (SILC) Toolkit before 1.1.10, and SILC Client 1.1.8 and earlier, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via format string specifiers in a channel name, related to (1) silc_client_command_topic, (2) silc_client_command_kick, (3) silc_client_command_leave, and (4) silc_client_command_users.",
  "id": "GHSA-4crp-jh2p-xg7w",
  "modified": "2022-05-02T03:42:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-02T03:42:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-3163"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/36614"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://silcnet.org/docs/changelog/SILC%20Toolkit%201.1.10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://silcnet.org/general/news/news_toolkit.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2009/dsa-1879"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:234"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:235"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/08/31/5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2009/09/03/5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/36193"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-4F5H-WCJ8-92W2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 17:59 – Updated: 2025-04-09 03:40
VLAI
Details

Untrusted search path vulnerability in the add_filename_to_string function in intl/gettext/loadmsgcat.c for Elinks 0.11.1 allows local users to cause Elinks to use an untrusted gettext message catalog (.po file) in a "../po" directory, which can be leveraged to conduct format string attacks.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2007-2027"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-134"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2007-04-13T18:19:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Untrusted search path vulnerability in the add_filename_to_string function in intl/gettext/loadmsgcat.c for Elinks 0.11.1 allows local users to cause Elinks to use an untrusted gettext message catalog (.po file) in a \"../po\" directory, which can be leveraged to conduct format string attacks.",
  "id": "GHSA-4f5h-wcj8-92w2",
  "modified": "2025-04-09T03:40:13Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T17:59:22Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-2027"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=235411"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A9741"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=417789"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/35668"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25169"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25198"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25255"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25550"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://security.gentoo.org/glsa/glsa-200706-03.xml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/23844"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.trustix.org/errata/2007/0017"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/usn-457-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/1686"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-4GMJ-9M2M-6H5F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-16 15:33
VLAI
Details

An authenticated format string vulnerability exists in the ONVIF service of Tapo C110 v2 due to improper handling of user-controlled input.  Externally controlled data is interpreted as a format string, which can be used to manipulate stack memory, including control flow data such as return addresses.

A remote authenticated attacker may redirect execution flow to existing internal functions, triggering an unauthorized factory reset, leading to loss of configuration, deletion of stored credentials and service disruption.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-6250"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-134"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-11T22:16:57Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An\nauthenticated format string vulnerability exists in the ONVIF service of Tapo\nC110 v2 due to improper handling of user-controlled input.\u00a0 Externally controlled data is interpreted as\na format string, which can be used to manipulate stack memory, including\ncontrol flow data such as return addresses.\n\n\n\n\n\nA remote\nauthenticated attacker may redirect execution flow to existing internal\nfunctions, triggering an unauthorized factory reset, leading to loss of\nconfiguration, deletion of stored credentials and service disruption.",
  "id": "GHSA-4gmj-9m2m-6h5f",
  "modified": "2026-06-16T15:33:42Z",
  "published": "2026-06-12T00:31:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6250"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/tapo-c110/v2/#Firmware-Release-Notes"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tp-link.com/kr/support/download/tapo-c110/v2/#Firmware-Release-Notes"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/tapo-c110/v2/#Firmware-Release-Notes"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/5128"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Requirements

Choose a language that is not subject to this flaw.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all format string functions are passed a static string which cannot be controlled by the user, and that the proper number of arguments are always sent to that function as well. If at all possible, use functions that do not support the %n operator in format strings. [REF-116] [REF-117]

Mitigation
Build and Compilation

Run compilers and linkers with high warning levels, since they may detect incorrect usage.

CAPEC-135: Format String Injection

An adversary includes formatting characters in a string input field on the target application. Most applications assume that users will provide static text and may respond unpredictably to the presence of formatting character. For example, in certain functions of the C programming languages such as printf, the formatting character %s will print the contents of a memory location expecting this location to identify a string and the formatting character %n prints the number of DWORD written in the memory. An adversary can use this to read or write to memory locations or files, or simply to manipulate the value of the resulting text in unexpected ways. Reading or writing memory may result in program crashes and writing memory could result in the execution of arbitrary code if the adversary can write to the program stack.

CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog()

This attack targets applications and software that uses the syslog() function insecurely. If an application does not explicitely use a format string parameter in a call to syslog(), user input can be placed in the format string parameter leading to a format string injection attack. Adversaries can then inject malicious format string commands into the function call leading to a buffer overflow. There are many reported software vulnerabilities with the root cause being a misuse of the syslog() function.