Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-122
AllowedHeap-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
5385 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X9FF-RJ4V-X6MQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-16 09:30 – Updated: 2026-09-16 09:30
VLAI
Details
In NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including 1.26.0, a 255 length query name with a large TCP response can lead to a heap buffer overflow during the RRSet canonicalisation routine. This is caused by missing to add the first owner name into the buffer length check. A malicious actor operating a malicious name server or tampering with an incoming response to Unbound (canonicalisation happens before DNSSEC validation), can trigger the vulnerability.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-81634"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-16T09:17:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In NLnet Labs Unbound up to and including 1.26.0, a 255 length query name with a large TCP response can lead to a heap buffer overflow during the RRSet canonicalisation routine. This is caused by missing to add the first owner name into the buffer length check. A malicious actor operating a malicious name server or tampering with an incoming response to Unbound (canonicalisation happens before DNSSEC validation), can trigger the vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-x9ff-rj4v-x6mq",
"modified": "2026-09-16T09:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-09-16T09:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-81634"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/unbound/CVE-2026-81634.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9FX-332R-9473
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32
VLAI
Details
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code with a physical attack.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-50492"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T18:17:55Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code with a physical attack.",
"id": "GHSA-x9fx-332r-9473",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:27Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50492"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50492"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9G2-JMJV-7323
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-17 18:31 – Updated: 2024-07-09 21:30
VLAI
Details
Server receiving a malformed message can cause a pointer to be overwritten which can result in a remote code execution or failure. See Honeywell Security Notification for recommendations on upgrading and versioning.
Severity
8.1 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-5404"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-17T17:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Server receiving a malformed message can cause a pointer to be overwritten which can result in a remote code execution or failure.\u00a0See Honeywell Security Notification for recommendations on upgrading and versioning.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-x9g2-jmjv-7323",
"modified": "2024-07-09T21:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-04-17T18:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-5404"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://process.honeywell.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9GW-7C53-M463
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:37 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:37
VLAI
Details
A Heap-based Buffer Overflow issue was discovered in WECON LeviStudio HMI. The heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability has been identified, which may allow remote code execution.
Severity
8.6 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16717"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-12-20T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Heap-based Buffer Overflow issue was discovered in WECON LeviStudio HMI. The heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability has been identified, which may allow remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-x9gw-7c53-m463",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:37:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:37:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16717"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-17-353-05"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X9H5-R9V2-VCWW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 00:07 – Updated: 2026-04-14 00:07
VLAI
Summary
ImageMagick has a heap Buffer Overflow in ImageMagick MVG decoder
Details
A heap buffer overflow occurs in the MVG decoder that could result in an out of bounds write when processing a crafted image.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-AnyCPU"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-AnyCPU"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-OpenMP-arm64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-arm64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-x64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-x86"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-OpenMP-arm64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-OpenMP-x64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-arm64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-x64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-x86"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q8-AnyCPU"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q8-OpenMP-arm64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q8-OpenMP-x64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q8-arm64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q8-x64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q8-x86"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33901"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-14T00:07:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-13T21:16:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A heap buffer overflow occurs in the MVG decoder that could result in an out of bounds write when processing a crafted image.",
"id": "GHSA-x9h5-r9v2-vcww",
"modified": "2026-04-14T00:07:44Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T00:07:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/security/advisories/GHSA-x9h5-r9v2-vcww"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33901"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/commit/4c72003e9e54a4ebaa938d239e75f5d285527ebe"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/releases/tag/7.1.2-19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dlemstra/Magick.NET/releases/tag/14.12.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "ImageMagick has a heap Buffer Overflow in ImageMagick MVG decoder"
}
GHSA-X9RG-3V34-VJ95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-11 18:32 – Updated: 2025-03-11 18:32
VLAI
Details
Heap-based buffer overflow in Role: Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24048"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-11T17:16:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Role: Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-x9rg-3v34-vj95",
"modified": "2025-03-11T18:32:16Z",
"published": "2025-03-11T18:32:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24048"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-24048"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XC29-P9XX-C3J9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:18 – Updated: 2022-06-21 00:00
VLAI
Details
vim is vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3903"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-27T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "vim is vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Overflow",
"id": "GHSA-xc29-p9xx-c3j9",
"modified": "2022-06-21T00:00:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:18:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3903"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/777e7c21b7627be80961848ac560cb0a9978ff43"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/35738a4f-55ce-446c-b836-2fb0b39625f8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/06/msg00014.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BN4EX7BPQU7RP6PXCNCSDORUZBXQ4JUH"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DU26T75PYA3OF7XJGNKMT2ZCQEU4UKP5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FNXY7T5OORA7UJIMGSJBGHFMU6UZWS6P"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/01/15/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XC7P-GHHR-9VX9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-29 12:31 – Updated: 2026-09-29 12:31
VLAI
Details
Sharkd utility crash in 4.6.0 to 4.6.8 and 4.4.0 to 4.4.18 allows denial of service
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-95388"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-29T10:17:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Sharkd utility crash in 4.6.0 to 4.6.8 and 4.4.0 to 4.4.18 allows denial of service",
"id": "GHSA-xc7p-ghhr-9vx9",
"modified": "2026-09-29T12:31:30Z",
"published": "2026-09-29T12:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-95388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/wireshark/wireshark/-/work_items/21545"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wireshark.org/security/wnpa-sec-2026-101.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XC7W-R669-48PF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-08 00:30 – Updated: 2026-05-07 13:26
VLAI
Summary
ExecuTorch vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Details
A group of related buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the loading of ExecuTorch models can cause the runtime to crash and potentially result in code execution or other undesirable effects. This issue affects ExecuTorch prior to commit cea9b23aa8ff78aff92829a466da97461cc7930c.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "executorch"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.pytorch:executorch-android"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "SwiftURL",
"name": "github.com/pytorch/executorch"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54951"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-12T18:52:59Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-07T23:15:26Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A group of related buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the loading of ExecuTorch models can cause the runtime to crash and potentially result in code execution or other undesirable effects. This issue affects ExecuTorch prior to commit cea9b23aa8ff78aff92829a466da97461cc7930c.",
"id": "GHSA-xc7w-r669-48pf",
"modified": "2026-05-07T13:26:50Z",
"published": "2025-08-08T00:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54951"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/commit/cea9b23aa8ff78aff92829a466da97461cc7930c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/pytorch/executorch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.facebook.com/security/advisories/cve-2025-54951"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "ExecuTorch vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Overflow"
}
GHSA-XCG8-XP62-9P7G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-26 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-27 15:34
VLAI
Details
Golioth Pouch version 0.1.0 prior to [INSERT FIXED VERSION], fixed in commit 1b2219a1, contain a heap-based buffer overflow in BLE GATT server certificate handling. server_cert_write() allocates a heap buffer of size CONFIG_POUCH_SERVER_CERT_MAX_LEN when receiving the first fragment, then appends subsequent fragments using memcpy() without verifying that sufficient capacity remains. An adjacent BLE client can send unauthenticated fragments whose combined size exceeds the allocated buffer, causing a heap overflow and crash; integrity impact is also possible due to memory corruption.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-23750"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-26T18:23:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Golioth Pouch version\u00a00.1.0 prior to [INSERT FIXED VERSION], fixed in commit 1b2219a1,\u00a0contain a heap-based buffer overflow in BLE GATT server certificate handling. server_cert_write() allocates a heap buffer of size CONFIG_POUCH_SERVER_CERT_MAX_LEN when receiving the first fragment, then appends subsequent fragments using memcpy() without verifying that sufficient capacity remains. An adjacent BLE client can send unauthenticated fragments whose combined size exceeds the allocated buffer, causing a heap overflow and crash; integrity impact is also possible due to memory corruption.",
"id": "GHSA-xcg8-xp62-9p7g",
"modified": "2026-02-27T15:34:17Z",
"published": "2026-02-26T18:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23750"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/golioth/pouch/commit/1b2219a1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.secmate.dev/posts/golioth-vulnerabilities-disclosure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/golioth/golioth-firmware-sdk/releases/tag/v0.22.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://secmate.dev/disclosures/SECMATE-2025-0018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/golioth-pouch-ble-gatt-heap-based-buffer-overflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Pre-design: Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation
Implementation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Look for their safe equivalent, which checks for the boundary.
Mitigation
Operation
Use OS-level preventative functionality. This is not a complete solution, but it provides some defense in depth.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.