Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-122

Allowed

Heap-based Buffer Overflow

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

A heap overflow condition is a buffer overflow, where the buffer that can be overwritten is allocated in the heap portion of memory, generally meaning that the buffer was allocated using a routine such as malloc().

4096 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-4QRX-Q52X-7HWP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-08 18:31 – Updated: 2025-07-08 18:31
VLAI
Details

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft MPEG-2 Video Extension allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48805"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T17:15:43Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft MPEG-2 Video Extension allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-4qrx-q52x-7hwp",
  "modified": "2025-07-08T18:31:45Z",
  "published": "2025-07-08T18:31:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48805"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-48805"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4R2X-XPJR-7CVV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-02 17:43 – Updated: 2026-02-03 16:12
VLAI
Summary
vLLM has RCE In Video Processing
Details

Summary

A chain of vulnerabilities in vLLM allow Remote Code Execution (RCE):

  1. Info Leak - PIL error messages expose memory addresses, bypassing ASLR
  2. Heap Overflow - JPEG2000 decoder in OpenCV/FFmpeg has a heap overflow that lets us hijack code execution

Result: Send a malicious video URL to vLLM Completions or Invocations for a video model -> Execute arbitrary commands on the server

Completely default vLLM instance directly from pip, or docker, does not have authentication so "None" privileges are required, but even with non-default api-key enabled configuration this exploit is feasible through invocations route that allows payload to execute pre-auth.

Example heap target is provided, other heap targets can be exploited as well to achieve rce. Leak allows for simple ASLR bypass. Leak + heap overflow achieves RCE on versions prior to 0.14.1.

Deployments not serving a video model are not affected.

1. Vulnerability Overview

1.1 The Bug: JPEG2000 cdef Box Heap Overflow

The JPEG2000 decoder used by OpenCV (cv2) honors a cdef box that can remap color channels. When Y (luma) is mapped into the U (chroma) plane buffer, the decoder writes a large Y plane into the smaller U buffer, causing a heap overflow.

Root Cause - cdef allows channel remapping (e.g., Y→U, U→Y). - Y plane size: W×H; U plane size: (W/2)×(H/2). - Overflow size = W×H - (W/2×H/2) = 0.75 × W × H bytes.

Example (150×64) - Y plane: 150×64 = 9,600 bytes
- U plane: 75×32 = 2,400 bytes
- Overflow: 7,200 bytes past the U buffer

1.2 Malicious cdef Box

Offset  Size  Field           Value
0       4     Box Length      0x00000016 (22 bytes)
4       4     Box Type        'cdef'
8       2     N (channels)    0x0003
10      2     Channel 0 Cn    0x0000 (Y channel)
12      2     Channel 0 Typ   0x0000 (color)
14      2     Channel 0 Asoc  0x0002 (→ maps Y into U plane)
16      2     Channel 1 Cn    0x0001 (U channel)
18      2     Channel 1 Typ   0x0000 (color)
20      2     Channel 1 Asoc  0x0001 (→ maps U into Y plane)
22      2     Channel 2 Cn    0x0002 (V channel)
24      2     Channel 2 Typ   0x0000 (color)
26      2     Channel 2 Asoc  0x0003 (→ maps V plane)

Key control: Asoc=2 for channel 0 forces Y data into the U buffer, triggering the overflow.

Vulnerable Code Chain

1) Entry: vLLM accepts a remote video_url and downloads raw bytes

vLLM’s OpenAI-compatible API supports a video_url content part:

class VideoURL(TypedDict, total=False):
    url: Required[str]

class ChatCompletionContentPartVideoParam(TypedDict, total=False):
    video_url: Required[VideoURL]
    type: Required[Literal["video_url"]]

Source: src/vllm/entrypoints/chat_utils.py.

When the URL is HTTP(S), vLLM downloads it as raw bytes and passes the bytes into the modality loader:

if url_spec.scheme.startswith("http"):
    data = connection.get_bytes(url, timeout=fetch_timeout, allow_redirects=...)
    return media_io.load_bytes(data)

Source: src/vllm/multimodal/utils.py (MediaConnector.load_from_url).

2) Decode: vLLM uses OpenCV (cv2) VideoCapture on an in-memory byte stream

The default video backend is OpenCV, and it constructs cv2.VideoCapture over a BytesIO buffer containing the downloaded bytes:

backend = cls().get_cv2_video_api()
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(BytesIO(data), backend, [])
if not cap.isOpened():
    raise ValueError("Could not open video stream")

Source: src/vllm/multimodal/video.py (OpenCVVideoBackend.load_bytes).

The backend is selected from OpenCV’s stream-buffered backends registry:

import cv2.videoio_registry as vr
for backend in vr.getStreamBufferedBackends():
    if vr.hasBackend(backend) and ...:
        api_pref = backend
        break
return api_pref

Source: src/vllm/multimodal/video.py (OpenCVVideoBackend.get_cv2_video_api).

Implication: vLLM is delegating container parsing + codec decode to OpenCV’s Video I/O stack (which, in typical builds, is backed by FFmpeg for MOV/MP4 and codecs like JPEG2000).

3) The actual overflow: Y (full-res) written into U (quarter-res)

When the decoder honors the remap and writes Y into the U-plane buffer, it writes too many bytes:

  • Y plane bytes: (W \times H)
  • U plane bytes: ((W/2) \times (H/2))
  • Overflow bytes: (W \times H - (W/2 \times H/2) = 0.75 \times W \times H)

Concrete example tried (150×64):

  • Y: (150 \times 64 = 9600) bytes
  • U: (75 \times 32 = 2400) bytes
  • Overflow: (9600 - 2400 = 7200) bytes past the end of the U allocation

This is a heap buffer overflow into whatever allocations follow the U-plane buffer in the decoder’s heap layout (structures, metadata, other buffers, etc.). The exact victims depend on build + runtime allocator layout.

The Exploit Chain

Vuln 1: PIL BytesIO Address Leak (ASLR Bypass)

When you send an invalid image to vLLM's multimodal endpoint, PIL throws an error like:

cannot identify image file <_io.BytesIO object at 0x7a95e299e750>
                                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
                                                   LEAKED ADDRESS!

vLLM returns this error to the client, leaking a heap address. This address is ~10.33 GB before libc in memory. With this leak, we reduce ASLR from 4 billion guesses to ~8 guesses.

Vuln 2: JPEG2000 cdef Heap Overflow (RCE)

vLLM uses OpenCV (cv2) to decode videos. OpenCV bundles FFmpeg 5.1.x which has a heap overflow in the JPEG2000 decoder. The OpenCV is used for video decoding so if we build a video from JPEG2000 frames it will reach the vuln:

vLLM API Request to Completions/Invocation
     ↓
OpenCV cv2.VideoCapture()
     ↓
FFmpeg 5.1 (bundled in OpenCV)
     ↓
JPEG2000 decoder (libopenjp2)
     ↓
HEAP OVERFLOW via malicious "cdef" box
     ↓
Overwrite function pointer → RCE!

How the overflow works: - JPEG2000 has a cdef box that remaps color channels - We remap Y (luma) into the U (chroma) buffer - Y plane = 9,600 bytes, U plane = 2,400 bytes - On small geometry like 150x64 pixel image we get 7,200 bytes overflow past the U buffer. We can grow that exponentially by making bigger images. - This overwrites an AVBuffer structure containing a free() function pointer. This could be any function pointer or other targets. - We set free = system() and opaque = "command string" - When the buffer is freed → system("our command") executes

vLLM Attack Surface

Affected Endpoints

Both multimodal endpoints are vulnerable:

POST /v1/chat/completions     (with video_url in content)
POST /v1/invocations          (with video_url in content)

Request Flow

1. Attacker sends request with video_url pointing to malicious .mov file
2. vLLM fetches the video from the URL
3. vLLM passes video bytes to cv2.VideoCapture()
4. OpenCV's bundled FFmpeg decodes JPEG2000 frames
5. Malicious cdef box triggers heap overflow
6. AVBuffer.free pointer overwritten with system()
7. When buffer is released → system("attacker command") executes

Versions Affected

Component Version Notes
vLLM >= 0.8.3, < 0.14.1 Default config vulnerable when serving a video model
OpenCV (cv2) 4.x with FFmpeg bundle Bundled FFmpeg is vulnerable
FFmpeg 5.1.x (bundled) JPEG2000 cdef overflow
libopenjp2 2.x Honors malicious cdef box

Fixes

  • https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/31987
  • https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/32319
  • https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/32668
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "vllm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0.8.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.14.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-22778"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122",
      "CWE-532"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-02T17:43:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-02T23:16:06Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n**A chain of vulnerabilities in vLLM allow Remote Code Execution (RCE):**\n\n1. **Info Leak** - PIL error messages expose memory addresses, bypassing ASLR\n2. **Heap Overflow** - JPEG2000 decoder in OpenCV/FFmpeg has a heap overflow that lets us hijack code execution\n\n**Result:** Send a malicious video URL to vLLM Completions or Invocations **for a video model** -\u003e Execute arbitrary commands on the server\n\nCompletely default vLLM instance directly from pip, or docker, does not have authentication so \"None\" privileges are required, but even with non-default api-key enabled configuration this exploit is feasible through invocations route that allows payload to execute pre-auth. \n\nExample heap target is provided, other heap targets can be exploited as well to achieve rce. Leak allows for simple ASLR bypass. Leak + heap overflow achieves RCE on versions prior to 0.14.1. \n\nDeployments not serving a video model are not affected.\n\n---\n\n\n## 1. Vulnerability Overview\n\n### 1.1 The Bug: JPEG2000 cdef Box Heap Overflow\nThe JPEG2000 decoder used by OpenCV (cv2) honors a `cdef` box that can remap color channels. When Y (luma) is mapped into the U (chroma) plane buffer, the decoder writes a large Y plane into the smaller U buffer, causing a heap overflow.\n\n**Root Cause**\n- `cdef` allows channel remapping (e.g., Y\u2192U, U\u2192Y).\n- Y plane size: `W\u00d7H`; U plane size: `(W/2)\u00d7(H/2)`.\n- Overflow size = `W\u00d7H - (W/2\u00d7H/2)` = `0.75 \u00d7 W \u00d7 H` bytes.\n\n**Example (150\u00d764)**\n- Y plane: 150\u00d764 = 9,600 bytes  \n- U plane: 75\u00d732 = 2,400 bytes  \n- Overflow: 7,200 bytes past the U buffer\n\n### 1.2 Malicious cdef Box\n```\nOffset  Size  Field           Value\n0       4     Box Length      0x00000016 (22 bytes)\n4       4     Box Type        \u0027cdef\u0027\n8       2     N (channels)    0x0003\n10      2     Channel 0 Cn    0x0000 (Y channel)\n12      2     Channel 0 Typ   0x0000 (color)\n14      2     Channel 0 Asoc  0x0002 (\u2192 maps Y into U plane)\n16      2     Channel 1 Cn    0x0001 (U channel)\n18      2     Channel 1 Typ   0x0000 (color)\n20      2     Channel 1 Asoc  0x0001 (\u2192 maps U into Y plane)\n22      2     Channel 2 Cn    0x0002 (V channel)\n24      2     Channel 2 Typ   0x0000 (color)\n26      2     Channel 2 Asoc  0x0003 (\u2192 maps V plane)\n```\nKey control: `Asoc=2` for channel 0 forces Y data into the U buffer, triggering the overflow.\n\n---\n\n## Vulnerable Code Chain\n\n### 1) Entry: vLLM accepts a remote `video_url` and downloads raw bytes\n\nvLLM\u2019s OpenAI-compatible API supports a `video_url` content part:\n\n```python\nclass VideoURL(TypedDict, total=False):\n    url: Required[str]\n\nclass ChatCompletionContentPartVideoParam(TypedDict, total=False):\n    video_url: Required[VideoURL]\n    type: Required[Literal[\"video_url\"]]\n```\n\nSource: `src/vllm/entrypoints/chat_utils.py`.\n\nWhen the URL is HTTP(S), vLLM downloads it as **raw bytes** and passes the bytes into the modality loader:\n\n```python\nif url_spec.scheme.startswith(\"http\"):\n    data = connection.get_bytes(url, timeout=fetch_timeout, allow_redirects=...)\n    return media_io.load_bytes(data)\n```\n\nSource: `src/vllm/multimodal/utils.py` (`MediaConnector.load_from_url`).\n\n---\n\n### 2) Decode: vLLM uses OpenCV (cv2) VideoCapture on an in-memory byte stream\n\nThe default video backend is OpenCV, and it constructs `cv2.VideoCapture` over a `BytesIO` buffer containing the downloaded bytes:\n\n```python\nbackend = cls().get_cv2_video_api()\ncap = cv2.VideoCapture(BytesIO(data), backend, [])\nif not cap.isOpened():\n    raise ValueError(\"Could not open video stream\")\n```\n\nSource: `src/vllm/multimodal/video.py` (`OpenCVVideoBackend.load_bytes`).\n\nThe backend is selected from OpenCV\u2019s stream-buffered backends registry:\n\n```python\nimport cv2.videoio_registry as vr\nfor backend in vr.getStreamBufferedBackends():\n    if vr.hasBackend(backend) and ...:\n        api_pref = backend\n        break\nreturn api_pref\n```\n\nSource: `src/vllm/multimodal/video.py` (`OpenCVVideoBackend.get_cv2_video_api`).\n\n**Implication**: vLLM is delegating container parsing + codec decode to OpenCV\u2019s Video I/O stack (which, in typical builds, is backed by FFmpeg for MOV/MP4 and codecs like JPEG2000).\n\n---\n\n### 3) The actual overflow: Y (full-res) written into U (quarter-res)\n\nWhen the decoder honors the remap and writes Y into the U-plane buffer, it writes **too many bytes**:\n\n- Y plane bytes: \\(W \\times H\\)\n- U plane bytes: \\((W/2) \\times (H/2)\\)\n- Overflow bytes: \\(W \\times H - (W/2 \\times H/2) = 0.75 \\times W \\times H\\)\n\nConcrete example tried (150\u00d764):\n\n- **Y**: \\(150 \\times 64 = 9600\\) bytes  \n- **U**: \\(75 \\times 32 = 2400\\) bytes  \n- **Overflow**: \\(9600 - 2400 = 7200\\) bytes past the end of the U allocation\n\nThis is a **heap buffer overflow** into whatever allocations follow the U-plane buffer in the decoder\u2019s heap layout (structures, metadata, other buffers, etc.). The exact victims depend on build + runtime allocator layout.\n\n---\n\n## The Exploit Chain \n\n### Vuln 1: PIL BytesIO Address Leak (ASLR Bypass)\n\nWhen you send an **invalid image** to vLLM\u0027s multimodal endpoint, PIL throws an error like:\n\n```\ncannot identify image file \u003c_io.BytesIO object at 0x7a95e299e750\u003e\n                                                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n                                                   LEAKED ADDRESS!\n```\n\nvLLM returns this error to the client, **leaking a heap address**. This address is ~10.33 GB before `libc` in memory. With this leak, we reduce ASLR from **4 billion guesses to ~8 guesses**.\n\n### Vuln 2: JPEG2000 cdef Heap Overflow (RCE)\n\nvLLM uses **OpenCV (cv2)** to decode videos. OpenCV bundles **FFmpeg 5.1.x** which has a heap overflow in the JPEG2000 decoder. The OpenCV is used for video decoding so if we build a video from JPEG2000 frames it will reach the vuln:\n\n```\nvLLM API Request to Completions/Invocation\n     \u2193\nOpenCV cv2.VideoCapture()\n     \u2193\nFFmpeg 5.1 (bundled in OpenCV)\n     \u2193\nJPEG2000 decoder (libopenjp2)\n     \u2193\nHEAP OVERFLOW via malicious \"cdef\" box\n     \u2193\nOverwrite function pointer \u2192 RCE!\n```\n\n**How the overflow works:**\n- JPEG2000 has a `cdef` box that remaps color channels\n- We remap Y (luma) into the U (chroma) buffer\n- Y plane = 9,600 bytes, U plane = 2,400 bytes\n- On small geometry like 150x64 pixel image we get **7,200 bytes overflow** past the U buffer. We can grow that exponentially by making bigger images. \n- This overwrites an `AVBuffer` structure containing a `free()` function pointer. This could be any function pointer or other targets. \n- We set `free = system()` and `opaque = \"command string\"`\n- When the buffer is freed \u2192 `system(\"our command\")` executes\n\n---\n\n## vLLM Attack Surface\n\n### Affected Endpoints\n\nBoth multimodal endpoints are vulnerable:\n\n```\nPOST /v1/chat/completions     (with video_url in content)\nPOST /v1/invocations          (with video_url in content)\n```\n\n### Request Flow\n\n```\n1. Attacker sends request with video_url pointing to malicious .mov file\n2. vLLM fetches the video from the URL\n3. vLLM passes video bytes to cv2.VideoCapture()\n4. OpenCV\u0027s bundled FFmpeg decodes JPEG2000 frames\n5. Malicious cdef box triggers heap overflow\n6. AVBuffer.free pointer overwritten with system()\n7. When buffer is released \u2192 system(\"attacker command\") executes\n```\n\n---\n\n## Versions Affected\n\n| Component | Version | Notes |\n|-----------|---------|-------|\n| vLLM | \u003e= 0.8.3, \u003c 0.14.1 | Default config vulnerable when serving a video model |\n| OpenCV (cv2) | 4.x with FFmpeg bundle | Bundled FFmpeg is vulnerable |\n| FFmpeg | 5.1.x (bundled) | JPEG2000 cdef overflow |\n| libopenjp2 | 2.x | Honors malicious cdef box |\n\n---\n\n## Fixes\n\n* https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/31987\n* https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/32319\n* https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/32668",
  "id": "GHSA-4r2x-xpjr-7cvv",
  "modified": "2026-02-03T16:12:12Z",
  "published": "2026-02-02T17:43:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/security/advisories/GHSA-4r2x-xpjr-7cvv"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22778"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/31987"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/pull/32319"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm/releases/tag/v0.14.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "vLLM has RCE In Video Processing"
}

GHSA-4RQC-6CWC-8FR7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-22 03:30 – Updated: 2025-04-11 18:30
VLAI
Details

A maliciously crafted MODEL, SLDPRT or SLDASM file when parsed VCRUNTIME140.dll through Autodesk AutoCAD can be used to cause a Heap-based Overflow. A malicious actor can leverage this vulnerability to cause a crash, read sensitive data, or execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-23127"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-22T03:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A maliciously crafted MODEL, SLDPRT\u00a0or SLDASM file when parsed VCRUNTIME140.dll through Autodesk AutoCAD can be used to cause a Heap-based Overflow. A malicious actor can leverage this vulnerability to cause a crash, read sensitive data, or execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.",
  "id": "GHSA-4rqc-6cwc-8fr7",
  "modified": "2025-04-11T18:30:27Z",
  "published": "2024-02-22T03:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23127"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.autodesk.com/trust/security-advisories/adsk-sa-2024-0002"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.autodesk.com/trust/security-advisories/adsk-sa-2024-0004"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.autodesk.com/trust/security-advisories/adsk-sa-2024-0009"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4RQJ-478V-CCJV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30
VLAI
Details

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows TCP/IP allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33837"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T18:17:05Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows TCP/IP allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-4rqj-478v-ccjv",
  "modified": "2026-05-12T18:30:42Z",
  "published": "2026-05-12T18:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33837"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-33837"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4RR6-X5JR-3P88

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-12 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-12 18:31
VLAI
Details

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Severity
8.0 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-53720"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-12T18:15:41Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
  "id": "GHSA-4rr6-x5jr-3p88",
  "modified": "2025-08-12T18:31:31Z",
  "published": "2025-08-12T18:31:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53720"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-53720"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4RVC-F57J-W38H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32
VLAI
Details

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Message Queuing Queue Manager allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

Severity
8.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-54992"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T17:17:06Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Message Queuing Queue Manager allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-4rvc-f57j-w38h",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:09Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T18:32:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-54992"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-54992"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4RWW-GPV7-6J3G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-10 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-10 18:31
VLAI
Details

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Telephony Service allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over an adjacent network.

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25188"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T18:18:35Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Telephony Service allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over an adjacent network.",
  "id": "GHSA-4rww-gpv7-6j3g",
  "modified": "2026-03-10T18:31:21Z",
  "published": "2026-03-10T18:31:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25188"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-25188"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4V4X-HH7W-55P3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32
VLAI
Details

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-56156"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T18:18:22Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.",
  "id": "GHSA-4v4x-hh7w-55p3",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:37Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T18:32:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56156"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-56156"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4V5H-VP2V-P65R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-12 18:30 – Updated: 2024-11-12 18:30
VLAI
Details

SQL Server Native Client Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Severity
8.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-49015"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-12T18:15:40Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "SQL Server Native Client Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-4v5h-vp2v-p65r",
  "modified": "2024-11-12T18:30:59Z",
  "published": "2024-11-12T18:30:59Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49015"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-49015"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4V89-6MGQ-6RGC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-25 21:50 – Updated: 2026-06-25 21:50
VLAI
Summary
ImageMagick has a Heap Buffer Over-Write in MAT decoder on 32-bit systems
Details

A missing check of a return value could lead to a heap buffer over-write in the MAT decoder on 32-bit systems.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q16-AnyCPU"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-AnyCPU"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-OpenMP-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-x86"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q16-OpenMP-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q16-OpenMP-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q16-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q16-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q16-x86"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q8-AnyCPU"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q8-OpenMP-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q8-OpenMP-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q8-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q8-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Magick.NET-Q8-x86"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.14.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-48994"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-122"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-25T21:50:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T23:16:49Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A missing check of a return value could lead to a heap buffer over-write in the MAT decoder on 32-bit systems.",
  "id": "GHSA-4v89-6mgq-6rgc",
  "modified": "2026-06-25T21:50:39Z",
  "published": "2026-06-25T21:50:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/security/advisories/GHSA-4v89-6mgq-6rgc"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48994"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dlemstra/Magick.NET/releases/tag/14.14.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ImageMagick has a Heap Buffer Over-Write in MAT decoder on 32-bit systems"
}
Mitigation

Pre-design: Use a language or compiler that performs automatic bounds checking.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.

Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation
Implementation

Implement and perform bounds checking on input.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Look for their safe equivalent, which checks for the boundary.

Mitigation
Operation

Use OS-level preventative functionality. This is not a complete solution, but it provides some defense in depth.

CAPEC-92: Forced Integer Overflow

This attack forces an integer variable to go out of range. The integer variable is often used as an offset such as size of memory allocation or similarly. The attacker would typically control the value of such variable and try to get it out of range. For instance the integer in question is incremented past the maximum possible value, it may wrap to become a very small, or negative number, therefore providing a very incorrect value which can lead to unexpected behavior. At worst the attacker can execute arbitrary code.

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