Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-121

Allowed

Stack-based Buffer Overflow

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).

5205 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-WWRJ-9CHX-QPRX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 18:30 – Updated: 2026-06-09 18:30
VLAI
Details

Stack-based buffer overflow in Windows DHCP Client allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44815"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T17:17:17Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Stack-based buffer overflow in Windows DHCP Client allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network.",
  "id": "GHSA-wwrj-9chx-qprx",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T18:30:47Z",
  "published": "2026-06-09T18:30:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44815"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-44815"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WWWP-QJWW-7CJJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-17 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-09 00:31
VLAI
Details

Tenda AC10 v4.0 V16.03.10.13 and V16.03.10.20 firmware has a stack overflow vulnerability via the adslPwd parameter in the formWanParameterSetting function.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-32317"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-17T16:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Tenda AC10 v4.0 V16.03.10.13 and V16.03.10.20 firmware has a stack overflow vulnerability via the adslPwd parameter in the formWanParameterSetting function.",
  "id": "GHSA-wwwp-qjww-7cjj",
  "modified": "2024-08-09T00:31:20Z",
  "published": "2024-04-17T18:31:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32317"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/AC10/V16.03.10.13/formWanParameterSetting.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WWWR-HPRH-P3FG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-18 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-18 09:30
VLAI
Details

Stack buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the Supermicro BMC Shared library. An authenticated attacker with access to the BMC exploit stack buffer via a crafted  header and achieve arbitrary code execution of the BMC’s firmware operating system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-8404"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-18T08:15:51Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Stack buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the Supermicro BMC Shared library. An authenticated attacker with access to the BMC exploit stack buffer via a crafted\u00a0 header and achieve arbitrary code execution of the BMC\u2019s firmware operating system.",
  "id": "GHSA-wwwr-hprh-p3fg",
  "modified": "2025-11-18T09:30:51Z",
  "published": "2025-11-18T09:30:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8404"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.supermicro.com/zh_tw/support/security_BMC_IPMI_Nov_2025"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WX4V-QGJJ-9F5J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-20 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-08 18:31
VLAI
Details

Tenda AX1806 v1.0.0.1 contains a stack overflow via the iptv.city.vlan parameter in the function formSetIptv.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-35579"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-20T18:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Tenda AX1806 v1.0.0.1 contains a stack overflow via the iptv.city.vlan parameter in the function formSetIptv.",
  "id": "GHSA-wx4v-qgjj-9f5j",
  "modified": "2024-08-08T18:31:19Z",
  "published": "2024-05-20T18:31:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35579"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://detailed-stetson-767.notion.site/Tenda-AX1806-Buffer-Overflow-in-formSetIptv-cebf9202122a4582ae86c5253b3f6da3?pvs=4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WX53-3C9R-58R2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-25 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:20
VLAI
Details

A stack-based buffer overflow in the Command Centre Server allows an attacker to cause a denial of service attack via assigning cardholders to an Access Group.

This issue affects Command Centre: vEL8.80 prior to vEL8.80.1192 (MR2)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-22363"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-25T00:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "\nA stack-based buffer overflow in the Command Centre Server allows an attacker to cause a denial of service attack via assigning cardholders to an Access Group.\n\nThis issue affects Command Centre: vEL8.80 prior to vEL8.80.1192 (MR2)\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-wx53-3c9r-58r2",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:20:32Z",
  "published": "2023-07-25T00:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22363"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gallagher.com/en-NZ/Security-Advisories/CVE-2023-22363"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WX5H-WRH7-XG39

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-08 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-09 21:31
VLAI
Details

Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the FST LEB128 varint functionality of GTKWave 3.3.115. A specially crafted .fst file can lead to arbitrary code execution. A victim would need to open a malicious file to trigger these vulnerabilities.This vulnerability concerns the fstReaderVarint64 function.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-35703"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-08T15:15:09Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple stack-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the FST LEB128 varint functionality of GTKWave 3.3.115. A specially crafted .fst file can lead to arbitrary code execution. A victim would need to open a malicious file to trigger these vulnerabilities.This vulnerability concerns the fstReaderVarint64 function.",
  "id": "GHSA-wx5h-wrh7-xg39",
  "modified": "2024-04-09T21:31:52Z",
  "published": "2024-01-08T15:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35703"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/04/msg00007.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1783"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1783"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WX6G-FM6F-W822

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-31 19:37 – Updated: 2026-06-11 14:07
VLAI
Summary
MaterialX Stack Overflow via Lack of MTLX XML Parsing Recursion Limit
Details

Summary

When parsing an MTLX file with multiple nested nodegraph implementations, the MaterialX XML parsing logic can potentially crash due to stack exhaustion.

Details

By specification, multiple kinds of elements in MTLX support nesting other elements, such as in the case of nodegraph elements. Parsing these subtrees is implemented via recursion, and since there is no max depth imposed on the XML document, this can lead to a stack overflow when the library parses an MTLX file with an excessively high number of nested elements.

PoC

Please download the recursion_overflow.mtlx file from the following link:

https://github.com/ShielderSec/poc/tree/main/CVE-2025-53009

build/bin/MaterialXView --material recursion_overflow.mtlx

Impact

An attacker could intentionally crash a target program that uses MaterialX by sending a malicious MTLX file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "MaterialX"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.39.2"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.39.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "1.39.2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-53009"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-31T19:37:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-01T18:15:54Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nWhen parsing an MTLX file with multiple nested `nodegraph` implementations, the MaterialX XML parsing logic can potentially crash due to stack exhaustion.\n\n### Details\n\nBy specification, multiple kinds of elements in MTLX support nesting other elements, such as in the case of `nodegraph` elements. Parsing these subtrees is implemented via recursion, and since there is no max depth imposed on the XML document, this can lead to a stack overflow when the library parses an MTLX file with an excessively high number of nested elements.\n\n### PoC\n\nPlease download the `recursion_overflow.mtlx` file from the following link: \n\nhttps://github.com/ShielderSec/poc/tree/main/CVE-2025-53009\n\n`build/bin/MaterialXView --material recursion_overflow.mtlx`\n\n\n### Impact\nAn attacker could intentionally crash a target program that uses MaterialX by sending a malicious MTLX file.",
  "id": "GHSA-wx6g-fm6f-w822",
  "modified": "2026-06-11T14:07:08Z",
  "published": "2025-07-31T19:37:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/MaterialX/security/advisories/GHSA-wx6g-fm6f-w822"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53009"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/MaterialX/issues/2504"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/MaterialX/pull/2505"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/MaterialX/commit/91ffea0de7bfe7bcd0c399b07f04fc48227055ff"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/MaterialX"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/AcademySoftwareFoundation/MaterialX/releases/tag/v1.39.3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ShielderSec/poc/tree/main/CVE-2025-53009"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "MaterialX Stack Overflow via Lack of MTLX XML Parsing Recursion Limit "
}

GHSA-WX8F-HP3P-F4V8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-23 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:17
VLAI
Details

The affected product is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow which could lead to a denial of service or remote code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-46658"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-22T23:15:09Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The affected product is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow which could lead to a denial of service or remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-wx8f-hp3p-f4v8",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T04:17:02Z",
  "published": "2023-05-23T00:30:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46658"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://dataprobe.com/support/iboot-pdu/local_upgrade_pdu_procedure.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-22-263-03"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WX9P-R67P-8CJF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:31 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:31
VLAI
Details

D-Link DIR-3040 prog.cgi SetMyDLinkRegistration Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DIR-3040 routers. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.

The specific flaw exists within the prog.cgi binary, which handles HNAP requests made to the lighttpd webserver listening on TCP ports 80 and 443. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before copying it to a fixed-size stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-21652.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-41226"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:15:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "D-Link DIR-3040 prog.cgi SetMyDLinkRegistration Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of D-Link DIR-3040 routers. Authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the prog.cgi binary, which handles HNAP requests made to the lighttpd webserver listening on TCP ports 80 and 443. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before copying it to a fixed-size stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-21652.",
  "id": "GHSA-wx9p-r67p-8cjf",
  "modified": "2024-05-03T03:31:00Z",
  "published": "2024-05-03T03:31:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41226"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/announcement/publication.aspx?name=SAP10350"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1334"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WXHC-X55G-5FXF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30
VLAI
Details

Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the set_openvpn_client function with the local_virtual_ip and the local_virtual_mask variables.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-25117"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-121",
      "CWE-787"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-06T15:15:15Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the vtysh_ubus binary of Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 due to the use of an unsafe sprintf pattern. A specially crafted HTTP request can lead to a buffer overflow. An attacker can send HTTP requests to trigger these vulnerabilities.This buffer overflow occurs in the set_openvpn_client function with the local_virtual_ip and the local_virtual_mask variables.",
  "id": "GHSA-wxhc-x55g-5fxf",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:36Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T15:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25117"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1716"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-10
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
  • D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.

Mitigation
Implementation

Implement and perform bounds checking on input.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.

Mitigation MIT-11
Operation Build and Compilation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

  • Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
  • Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
  • For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.