CWE-121
AllowedStack-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
5205 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-WH55-MM7M-3CW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause an affected device to restart unexpectedly. These vulnerabilities are due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on the underlying operating system or cause the device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid administrator credentials on the affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1341"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-04T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause an affected device to restart unexpectedly. These vulnerabilities are due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on the underlying operating system or cause the device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid administrator credentials on the affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-wh55-mm7m-3cw6",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1341"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-rv-overflow-ghZP68yj"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-WHJH-XGQC-HVVF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-29 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-01 21:35An authenticated stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the web management interface of TP-Link TL-WR841N v14. A remote authenticated attacker can send crafted HTTP requests to cause the embedded web server to overflow a stack buffer, resulting in a crash of the affected process.
Successful exploitation results in a denial-of-service condition, causing the device to crash and automatically reboot.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9105"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-29T16:16:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An authenticated stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the web management interface of TP-Link TL-WR841N v14. A remote authenticated attacker can send crafted HTTP requests to cause the embedded web server to overflow a stack buffer, resulting in a crash of the affected process.\n\nSuccessful exploitation results in a denial-of-service condition, causing the device to crash and automatically reboot.",
"id": "GHSA-whjh-xgqc-hvvf",
"modified": "2026-07-01T21:35:54Z",
"published": "2026-06-29T18:31:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9105"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/tl-wr841n/v14/#Firmware"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/tl-wr841n/v14/#Firmware"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/5152"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-WHVV-QQ52-JC5C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-10 12:30 – Updated: 2026-02-10 12:30A vulnerability has been identified in NX (All versions < V2512). The affected application contains a data validation vulnerability that could allow an attacker with local access to interfere with internal data during the PDF export process that could potentially lead to arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22923"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-10T10:15:58Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in NX (All versions \u003c V2512). The affected application contains a data validation vulnerability that could allow an attacker with local access to interfere with internal data during the PDF export process that could potentially lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-whvv-qq52-jc5c",
"modified": "2026-02-10T12:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-02-10T12:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-535115.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-WJCG-C99P-6Q65
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-15 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:32A vulnerability in /goform/SetVirtualServerCfg in the sub_6320C function in Tenda AX1806 1.0.0.1 firmware leads to stack-based buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-40416"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-15T18:15:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in /goform/SetVirtualServerCfg in the sub_6320C function in Tenda AX1806 1.0.0.1 firmware leads to stack-based buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-wjcg-c99p-6q65",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:32:00Z",
"published": "2024-07-15T18:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40416"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Feng-ZZ-pwn/IOT/blob/main/Tenda%20AX_1806/3/SetVirtualServerCfg.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WJG8-4FPH-WWVF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-24 18:31 – Updated: 2025-10-24 21:31D-Link DIR600L Ax FW116WWb01 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the curTime parameter in the function formSetWAN_Wizard7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60547"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-24T16:17:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR600L Ax FW116WWb01 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the curTime parameter in the function formSetWAN_Wizard7.",
"id": "GHSA-wjg8-4fph-wwvf",
"modified": "2025-10-24T21:31:10Z",
"published": "2025-10-24T18:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60547"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/luckysmallbird/DLINK-DIR600LAx-Vulnerability/blob/main/02-buffer%20overflow-formSetWAN_Wizard7.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WJGF-7C7G-5VWR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-13 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-13 18:31A stack buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the ToToLink LR1200GB (V9.1.0u.6619_B20230130) and NR1800X (V9.1.0u.6681_B20230703) Router firmware within the cstecgi.cgi binary (sub_42F32C function). The web interface reads the "lang" parameter and constructs Help URL strings using sprintf() into fixed-size stack buffers without proper length validation. Maliciously crafted input can overflow these buffers, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution or memory corruption, without requiring authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60684"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-13T16:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A stack buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the ToToLink LR1200GB (V9.1.0u.6619_B20230130) and NR1800X (V9.1.0u.6681_B20230703) Router firmware within the cstecgi.cgi binary (sub_42F32C function). The web interface reads the \"lang\" parameter and constructs Help URL strings using sprintf() into fixed-size stack buffers without proper length validation. Maliciously crafted input can overflow these buffers, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution or memory corruption, without requiring authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-wjgf-7c7g-5vwr",
"modified": "2025-11-13T18:31:04Z",
"published": "2025-11-13T18:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60684"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yifan20020708/SGTaint-0-day/blob/main/ToToLink/ToToLink-LR1200GB/CVE-2025-60684.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://totolink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WJM8-P3R4-7XGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:48 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:58When receiving calls using WhatsApp on Android, a stack allocation failed to properly account for the amount of data being passed in. An off-by-one error meant that data was written beyond the allocated space on the stack. This issue affects WhatsApp for Android starting in version 2.18.180 and was fixed in version 2.18.295. It also affects WhatsApp Business for Android starting in version v2.18.103 and was fixed in version v2.18.150.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-6339"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-14T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "When receiving calls using WhatsApp on Android, a stack allocation failed to properly account for the amount of data being passed in. An off-by-one error meant that data was written beyond the allocated space on the stack. This issue affects WhatsApp for Android starting in version 2.18.180 and was fixed in version 2.18.295. It also affects WhatsApp Business for Android starting in version v2.18.103 and was fixed in version v2.18.150.",
"id": "GHSA-wjm8-p3r4-7xgc",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:58:00Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:48:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6339"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.facebook.com/security/advisories/cve-2018-6339"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WM23-VMW2-C7V3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-03 15:31 – Updated: 2025-07-03 15:31Tenda AC6 v15.03.05.16_multi is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in the formSetFirewallCfg function via the firewallEn parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-50260"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-03T14:15:31Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda AC6 v15.03.05.16_multi is vulnerable to Buffer Overflow in the formSetFirewallCfg function via the firewallEn parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-wm23-vmw2-c7v3",
"modified": "2025-07-03T15:31:21Z",
"published": "2025-07-03T15:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-50260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/faqiadegege/IoTVuln/blob/main/tendaAC6_SetFirewallCfg_firewallEn_overflow/detail.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WM25-C777-F2H3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-09 15:30 – Updated: 2024-09-16 14:37A flaw was found in the exFAT driver of the Linux kernel. The vulnerability exists in the implementation of the file name reconstruction function, which is responsible for reading file name entries from a directory index and merging file name parts belonging to one file into a single long file name. Since the file name characters are copied into a stack variable, a local privileged attacker could use this flaw to overflow the kernel stack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4273"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-09T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the exFAT driver of the Linux kernel. The vulnerability exists in the implementation of the file name reconstruction function, which is responsible for reading file name entries from a directory index and merging file name parts belonging to one file into a single long file name. Since the file name characters are copied into a stack variable, a local privileged attacker could use this flaw to overflow the kernel stack.",
"id": "GHSA-wm25-c777-f2h3",
"modified": "2024-09-16T14:37:21Z",
"published": "2023-08-09T15:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4273"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2023:6583"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-4273"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2221609"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dfir.ru/2023/08/23/cve-2023-4273-a-vulnerability-in-the-linux-exfat-driver"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/10/msg00027.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/344H6HO6SSC4KT7PDFXSDIXKMKHISSGF"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3TYLSJ2SAI7RF56ZLQ5CQWCJLVJSD73Q"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231027-0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5480"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5492"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WM2M-CH4M-97CR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-23 03:30 – Updated: 2022-11-30 15:30An issue was discovered in Insyde InsydeH2O with kernel 5.0 through 5.5. A stack buffer overflow vulnerability in the MebxConfiguration driver leads to arbitrary code execution. Control of a UEFI variable under the OS can cause this overflow when read by BIOS code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36337"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-23T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Insyde InsydeH2O with kernel 5.0 through 5.5. A stack buffer overflow vulnerability in the MebxConfiguration driver leads to arbitrary code execution. Control of a UEFI variable under the OS can cause this overflow when read by BIOS code.",
"id": "GHSA-wm2m-ch4m-97cr",
"modified": "2022-11-30T15:30:26Z",
"published": "2022-11-23T03:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36337"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022039"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.