CWE-121
AllowedStack-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
5215 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-QC9G-VF45-FWFP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-15 15:30 – Updated: 2025-04-15 21:31TOTOLINK A800R V4.1.2cu.5137_B20200730 was found to contain a buffer overflow vulnerability in the downloadFile.cgi.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-28136"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-15T14:15:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK A800R V4.1.2cu.5137_B20200730 was found to contain a buffer overflow vulnerability in the downloadFile.cgi.",
"id": "GHSA-qc9g-vf45-fwfp",
"modified": "2025-04-15T21:31:41Z",
"published": "2025-04-15T15:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-28136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Zerone0x00/CVE/blob/main/TOTOLINK/CVE-2025-28136.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sudsy-eyeliner-a59.notion.site/BufferOverflow-V4-1-2cu-5137_B20200730-19872b8cd95f80cf8df9f3abcb912554"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QCQH-X84P-358V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause an affected device to restart unexpectedly. These vulnerabilities are due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on the underlying operating system or cause the device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid administrator credentials on the affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1331"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-04T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause an affected device to restart unexpectedly. These vulnerabilities are due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on the underlying operating system or cause the device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid administrator credentials on the affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-qcqh-x84p-358v",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1331"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-rv-overflow-ghZP68yj"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-QF45-V3JG-6772
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-17 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:01A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] in Fortinet FortiOS before 7.0.3 allows a privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code via specially crafted CLI commands, provided the attacker were able to evade FortiOS stack protections.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29182"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-17T10:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121]\u00a0in Fortinet FortiOS before 7.0.3 allows a privileged attacker to execute arbitrary code via specially crafted CLI commands, provided the attacker were able to evade FortiOS stack protections.",
"id": "GHSA-qf45-v3jg-6772",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:01:27Z",
"published": "2023-08-17T12:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-149"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QF6M-QRRH-6F49
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-12 00:30 – Updated: 2023-01-19 21:30Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the PubNub message handler for the "cc" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted commands sent through the PubNub service can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should send an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. In cmd s_sun, at 0x9d01980c, the value for the sunrise key is copied using strcpy to the buffer at $sp+0x2d0.This buffer is 100 bytes large, sending anything longer will cause a buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16290"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-11T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Multiple exploitable buffer overflow vulnerabilities exist in the PubNub message handler for the \"cc\" channel of Insteon Hub running firmware version 1012. Specially crafted commands sent through the PubNub service can cause a stack-based buffer overflow overwriting arbitrary data. An attacker should send an authenticated HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability. In cmd s_sun, at 0x9d01980c, the value for the `sunrise` key is copied using `strcpy` to the buffer at `$sp+0x2d0`.This buffer is 100 bytes large, sending anything longer will cause a buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-qf6m-qrrh-6f49",
"modified": "2023-01-19T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2023-01-12T00:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2017-0483"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QF6V-J5X7-CG97
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-03 18:31 – Updated: 2024-12-03 21:31An authenticated attacker can trigger a stack based buffer overflow in the DHIP Service (TCP port 80). This vulnerability has been resolved in firmware version 2.800.0000000.8.R.20241111.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-52547"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-03T18:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An authenticated attacker can trigger a stack based buffer overflow in the DHIP Service (TCP port 80). This vulnerability has been resolved in firmware version 2.800.0000000.8.R.20241111.",
"id": "GHSA-qf6v-j5x7-cg97",
"modified": "2024-12-03T21:31:22Z",
"published": "2024-12-03T18:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52547"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sfewer-r7/LorexExploit"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2024/12/03/lorex-2k-indoor-wi-fi-security-camera-multiple-vulnerabilities-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QF72-RM58-XJJG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-25 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-25 12:30A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Tenda G3 15.11.0.17(9502). This issue affects the function formModifyPppAuthWhiteMac of the file /goform/ModifyPppAuthWhiteMac. The manipulation of the argument pppoeServerWhiteMacIndex leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-261983. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4164"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-25T11:15:46Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Tenda G3 15.11.0.17(9502). This issue affects the function formModifyPppAuthWhiteMac of the file /goform/ModifyPppAuthWhiteMac. The manipulation of the argument pppoeServerWhiteMacIndex leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-261983. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-qf72-rm58-xjjg",
"modified": "2024-04-25T12:30:50Z",
"published": "2024-04-25T12:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4164"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/G3/G3V15/formModifyPppAuthWhiteMac.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.261983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.261983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.318588"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QF75-VFH4-7P4M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-25 15:32 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8785 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 8:
else if (tag==8) {
if (len>2) fprintf(stderr,"Warning MFER tag8 incorrect length %i>2\n",len);
curPos += ifread(buf,1,len,hdr);
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54485"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-25T14:15:34Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MFER parsing functionality of The Biosig Project libbiosig 3.9.0 and Master Branch (35a819fa). A specially crafted MFER file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability manifests on line 8785 of biosig.c on the current master branch (35a819fa), when the Tag is 8:\n\n else if (tag==8) {\n if (len\u003e2) fprintf(stderr,\"Warning MFER tag8 incorrect length %i\u003e2\\n\",len);\n curPos += ifread(buf,1,len,hdr);",
"id": "GHSA-qf75-vfh4-7p4m",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:23Z",
"published": "2025-08-25T15:32:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54485"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2025-2234"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QFFP-WWCX-J425
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-15 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-16 15:31Tenda FH1206 v02.03.01.35 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the PPPOEPassword parameter in the fromAdvSetWan function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42986"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-15T17:15:21Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda FH1206 v02.03.01.35 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the PPPOEPassword parameter in the fromAdvSetWan function. This vulnerability allows attackers to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via a crafted POST request.",
"id": "GHSA-qffp-wwcx-j425",
"modified": "2024-08-16T15:31:41Z",
"published": "2024-08-15T18:31:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42986"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TTTJJJWWW/AHU-IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/FH1206/fromAdvSetWan_PPPOEPassword.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QGF6-WC2F-VHF3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-15 09:30 – Updated: 2024-03-15 09:30A vulnerability was found in Tenda AC18 15.03.05.05. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function formSetDeviceName of the file /goform/SetOnlineDevName. The manipulation of the argument devName/mac leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-256894 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2487"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-15T09:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Tenda AC18 15.03.05.05. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function formSetDeviceName of the file /goform/SetOnlineDevName. The manipulation of the argument devName/mac leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-256894 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-qgf6-wc2f-vhf3",
"modified": "2024-03-15T09:30:38Z",
"published": "2024-03-15T09:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2487"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/AC18/formSetDeviceName_devName.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.256894"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.256894"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-QGGQ-C955-HH78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-06 21:30 – Updated: 2024-06-06 21:30Kofax Power PDF PDF File Parsing Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kofax Power PDF. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-22921.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5305"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-06T19:16:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Kofax Power PDF PDF File Parsing Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Kofax Power PDF. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-22921.",
"id": "GHSA-qggq-c955-hh78",
"modified": "2024-06-06T21:30:37Z",
"published": "2024-06-06T21:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5305"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-24-550"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.