CWE-121
AllowedStack-based Buffer Overflow
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft
A stack-based buffer overflow condition is a condition where the buffer being overwritten is allocated on the stack (i.e., is a local variable or, rarely, a parameter to a function).
5243 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-G2GQ-8XV6-M432
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-24 18:31 – Updated: 2025-10-24 21:31D-Link DIR600L Ax FW116WWb01 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the next_page parameter in the function formDeviceReboot.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60551"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-24T16:19:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR600L Ax FW116WWb01 was discovered to contain a buffer overflow via the next_page parameter in the function formDeviceReboot.",
"id": "GHSA-g2gq-8xv6-m432",
"modified": "2025-10-24T21:31:10Z",
"published": "2025-10-24T18:31:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60551"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/luckysmallbird/DLINK-DIR600LAx-Vulnerability/blob/main/07-buffer%20overflow-formDeviceReboot.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G2H4-MW8P-V523
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-31 15:35 – Updated: 2025-09-23 18:30A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in D-Link DIR-605L Wireless N300 Cloud Router firmware versions 1.12 and 1.13 via the getAuthCode() function. The flaw arises from unsafe usage of sprintf() when processing user-supplied CAPTCHA data via the FILECODE parameter in /goform/formLogin. A remote unauthenticated attacker can exploit this to execute arbitrary code with root privileges on the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-10021"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-31T15:15:32Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in D-Link DIR-605L Wireless N300 Cloud Router firmware versions 1.12 and 1.13 via the getAuthCode() function. The flaw arises from unsafe usage of sprintf() when processing user-supplied CAPTCHA data via the FILECODE parameter in /goform/formLogin. A remote unauthenticated attacker can exploit this to execute arbitrary code with root privileges on the device.",
"id": "GHSA-g2h4-mw8p-v523",
"modified": "2025-09-23T18:30:21Z",
"published": "2025-07-31T15:35:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-10021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forums.dlink.com/index.php?topic=51923.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/master/modules/exploits/linux/http/dlink_dir605l_captcha_bof.rb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20121012062554/http://www.devttys0.com/2012/10/exploiting-a-mips-stack-overflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/29127"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/dlink-dir605l-captcha-handling-stack-based-buffer-overflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-G2HF-3HH4-QWXQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause an affected device to restart unexpectedly. These vulnerabilities are due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on the underlying operating system or cause the device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid administrator credentials on the affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1342"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-04T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code or cause an affected device to restart unexpectedly. These vulnerabilities are due to improper validation of user-supplied input in the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code as the root user on the underlying operating system or cause the device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition. To exploit these vulnerabilities, an attacker would need to have valid administrator credentials on the affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-g2hf-3hh4-qwxq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1342"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-rv-overflow-ghZP68yj"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-G2MP-F56J-3FV9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-10 00:30 – Updated: 2024-01-12 21:30AMI’s SPx contains a vulnerability in the BMC where an Attacker may cause a stack-based buffer overflow via an adjacent network. A successful exploitation of this vulnerability may lead to a loss of confidentiality, integrity, and/or availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3043"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-09T23:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nAMI\u2019s SPx contains\na vulnerability in the BMC where an Attacker may\ncause a stack-based buffer overflow via an adjacent network. A successful exploitation\nof this vulnerability may lead to a loss of confidentiality, integrity, and/or\navailability. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-g2mp-f56j-3fv9",
"modified": "2024-01-12T21:30:19Z",
"published": "2024-01-10T00:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3043"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://9443417.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/9443417/Security%20Advisories/AMI-SA-2023010.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G2MQ-5MGX-WG6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-15 03:30 – Updated: 2025-10-15 03:30Valve's Source SDK (source-sdk-2013)'s ragdoll model parsing logic contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability.The tokenizer function nexttoken copies characters from an input string into a fixed-size stack buffer without performing bounds checks. When ParseKeyValue processes a collisionpair rule longer than the destination buffer (256 bytes), an overflow of the stack buffer szToken can occur and overwrite the function return address. A remote attacker can trigger the vulnerable code by supplying a specially crafted ragdoll model which causes the oversized collisionpair rule to be parsed, resulting in remote code execution on affected clients or servers. Valve has addressed this issue in many of their Source games, but independently-developed games must manually apply patch.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-20205"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-15T02:15:31Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Valve\u0027s Source SDK (source-sdk-2013)\u0027s ragdoll model parsing logic contains a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability.The tokenizer function `nexttoken` copies characters from an input string into a fixed-size stack buffer without performing bounds checks. When `ParseKeyValue` processes a collisionpair rule longer than the destination buffer (256 bytes), an overflow of the stack buffer `szToken` can occur and overwrite the function return address. A remote attacker can trigger the vulnerable code by supplying a specially crafted ragdoll model which causes the oversized collisionpair rule to be parsed, resulting in remote code execution on affected clients or servers. Valve has addressed this issue in many of their Source games, but independently-developed games must manually apply patch.",
"id": "GHSA-g2mq-5mgx-wg6w",
"modified": "2025-10-15T03:30:40Z",
"published": "2025-10-15T03:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-20205"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ValveSoftware/source-sdk-2013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oneupsecurity.com/research/remote-code-execution-in-source-games"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/valve-source-sdk-stack-based-buffer-overflow-rce"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-G2QH-FGM2-83WP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-24 21:30 – Updated: 2025-07-24 21:30Tenda AC8V4 V16.03.34.06was discovered to contain stack overflow at /goform/SetSysTimeCfg. The manipulation of the argumenttimeZoneandtimeType` leads to stack-based buffer overflow.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-51085"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-24T15:15:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Tenda AC8V4 V16.03.34.06` was discovered to contain stack overflow at /goform/SetSysTimeCfg. The manipulation of the argument `timeZone` and `timeType` leads to stack-based buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-g2qh-fgm2-83wp",
"modified": "2025-07-24T21:30:39Z",
"published": "2025-07-24T21:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-51085"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TL-SN/IOT/blob/main/Tenda/Tenda-AC8v4%20%20V16.03.34.06/CVE-2025-51085.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tenda.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G2VR-5PQ8-VMCF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-24 21:30 – Updated: 2025-11-24 21:30A buffer overflow with Xilinx Run Time Environment may allow a local attacker to read or corrupt data from the advanced extensible interface (AXI), potentially resulting in loss of confidentiality, integrity, and/or availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-52539"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-24T20:15:49Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A buffer overflow with Xilinx Run Time Environment may allow a local attacker to read or corrupt data from the advanced extensible interface (AXI), potentially resulting in loss of confidentiality, integrity, and/or availability.",
"id": "GHSA-g2vr-5pq8-vmcf",
"modified": "2025-11-24T21:30:59Z",
"published": "2025-11-24T21:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-52539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bulletin/AMD-SB-8014.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G2VX-PRH9-62C4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-09 18:30Secure Boot Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-26180"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T17:15:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Secure Boot Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-g2vx-prh9-62c4",
"modified": "2024-04-09T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2024-04-09T18:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-26180"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-26180"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G2WH-GHM8-WH32
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the httpd next_page functionality of Yifan YF325 v1.0_20221108. A specially crafted network request can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability.This buffer overflow is in the next_page parameter in the gozila_cgi function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-35055"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-11T16:15:13Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the httpd next_page functionality of Yifan YF325 v1.0_20221108. A specially crafted network request can lead to command execution. An attacker can send a network request to trigger this vulnerability.This buffer overflow is in the next_page parameter in the gozila_cgi function.",
"id": "GHSA-g2wh-ghm8-wh32",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:44Z",
"published": "2023-10-11T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35055"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1761"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1761"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G382-2692-6X82
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-07 00:30 – Updated: 2026-02-07 00:30Parallaxis Cuckoo Clock 5.0 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code by overwriting memory registers in the alarm scheduling feature. Attackers can craft a malicious payload exceeding 260 bytes to overwrite EIP and EBP, enabling shellcode execution with potential remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-37159"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-07T00:15:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Parallaxis Cuckoo Clock 5.0 contains a buffer overflow vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code by overwriting memory registers in the alarm scheduling feature. Attackers can craft a malicious payload exceeding 260 bytes to overwrite EIP and EBP, enabling shellcode execution with potential remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-g382-2692-6x82",
"modified": "2026-02-07T00:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-02-07T00:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-37159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://en.softonic.com/author/pxcompany"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48087"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/cuckoo-clock-buffer-overflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-10
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation
Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.
Mitigation
Implement and perform bounds checking on input.
Mitigation
Do not use dangerous functions such as gets. Use safer, equivalent functions which check for boundary errors.
Mitigation MIT-11
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.