CVE-2026-99156 (GCVE-0-2026-99156)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 10:35 – Updated: 2026-10-31 12:44
VLAI
Title
scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open() st_remove() drops the probe reference on the scsi_tape with kref_put() and only afterwards removes its index from st_index_idr. If that was the last reference, scsi_tape_release() frees the structure while it is still published in the idr. scsi_tape_get(), called from st_open(), looks up the tape in st_index_idr and takes a reference under st_ref_mutex and st_index_lock. remove_cdevs() does not wait for opens that are already past chrdev_open(), so an open that is blocked on st_ref_mutex while st_remove() holds it can take the mutex as soon as st_remove() drops it, find the freed tpnt in the idr and call kref_get() on it: BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in st_open Write of size 4 ... st_open (drivers/scsi/st.c:254 drivers/scsi/st.c:1291) chrdev_open ... Freed by task ...: kfree st_remove (drivers/scsi/st.c:4512) Remove the index from the idr before dropping the reference, all under st_ref_mutex. A concurrent scsi_tape_get() now either runs first and holds a valid reference that keeps the tape alive, or runs afterwards and finds nothing, so st_open() fails with -ENXIO. This restores the ordering st_remove() had before the conversion to st_index_idr, where the tape was unpublished from scsi_tapes[] before the final kref_put().
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6637 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 6c648d95a6af4a79241a916871df17c84c68ea20 , < 7d7f9d2ee4b0841f3eba9fa3627044ad329428de (git)
Affected: 6c648d95a6af4a79241a916871df17c84c68ea20 , < d9517fc39ec3ee13eadefdc17f45300f7d23ed8c (git)
Affected: 6c648d95a6af4a79241a916871df17c84c68ea20 , < e7a5da4a4820210aa7d7cd8e6eb25aabe9e5b5a7 (git)
Affected: 6c648d95a6af4a79241a916871df17c84c68ea20 , < 00ff1128123d4bdfacd28d68fb4b6e6f657a3648 (git)
Affected: 6c648d95a6af4a79241a916871df17c84c68ea20 , < 5ef230f734e0d23db007c8405f38b7e226740084 (git)
Affected: 6c648d95a6af4a79241a916871df17c84c68ea20 , < a1647b653549ff29f0422a63eabf329b842f3822 (git)
Affected: 6c648d95a6af4a79241a916871df17c84c68ea20 , < 18a0e3733ce38718688e813e5e2d1106bd4830e5 (git)
Affected: 6c648d95a6af4a79241a916871df17c84c68ea20 , < 71caf7f84bd62a4bf91cc95abd2de690afb8d15f (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 3.7
Unaffected: 0 , < 3.7 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.273 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.224 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.191 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.161 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.115 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.59 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2.13 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.3 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nscsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open()\n\nst_remove() drops the probe reference on the scsi_tape with kref_put()\nand only afterwards removes its index from st_index_idr. If that was the\nlast reference, scsi_tape_release() frees the structure while it is\nstill published in the idr.\n\nscsi_tape_get(), called from st_open(), looks up the tape in\nst_index_idr and takes a reference under st_ref_mutex and\nst_index_lock. remove_cdevs() does not wait for opens that are already\npast chrdev_open(), so an open that is blocked on st_ref_mutex while\nst_remove() holds it can take the mutex as soon as st_remove() drops it,\nfind the freed tpnt in the idr and call kref_get() on it:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in st_open\n  Write of size 4 ...\n   st_open (drivers/scsi/st.c:254 drivers/scsi/st.c:1291)\n   chrdev_open\n  ...\n  Freed by task ...:\n   kfree\n   st_remove (drivers/scsi/st.c:4512)\n\nRemove the index from the idr before dropping the reference, all under\nst_ref_mutex. A concurrent scsi_tape_get() now either runs first and\nholds a valid reference that keeps the tape alive, or runs afterwards\nand finds nothing, so st_open() fails with -ENXIO.\n\nThis restores the ordering st_remove() had before the conversion to\nst_index_idr, where the tape was unpublished from scsi_tapes[] before\nthe final kref_put()."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
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              "value": "AV:L - A local openat() reaches st_open() through chrdev_open(), then scsi_tape_get(); concurrent hot-unplug reaches the patched st_remove() through __scsi_remove_device(), with no network-supplied input.\nAC:L - A tape-device user controlling a hotpluggable TYPE_TAPE device can flood /dev/stN opens while disconnecting it, controlling both st_open() and st_remove() and retrying the race at will.\nPR:L - st_open() and scsi_tape_get() perform no capability check; may_open() applies device-node DAC and device-cgroup policy, so a tape-group user controlling an external tape needs no init-namespace administrative privilege.\nUI:N - The attacker performs both the /dev/stN open flood and device disconnect; no separate victim must open the tape, remove it, or mount attacker-supplied content.\nS:U - The freed scsi_tape object and subsequent corruption remain within the host kernel\u0027s SCSI-tape authority, without crossing a VM, IOMMU, or sandbox security boundary.\nC:H - st_remove() leaves a freed kmalloc-1k scsi_tape in st_index_idr; scsi_tape_get() reads its device pointer and st_open() follows buffer and mode pointers from reclaimable storage, enabling kernel-memory disclosure.\nI:H - kref_get() performs a confirmed four-byte write into the freed scsi_tape, and successful reclamation exposes further st_open() writes through in_use, state, and buffer fields, supporting control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The stale device and buffer pointers are subsequently dereferenced by scsi_device_get() and st_open() buffer handling; the reported UAF proceeds to unrelated corruption, oops/GPF, and kernel panic."
            }
          ]
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      "providerMetadata": {
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        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d9517fc39ec3ee13eadefdc17f45300f7d23ed8c"
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71caf7f84bd62a4bf91cc95abd2de690afb8d15f"
        }
      ],
      "title": "scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-99156",
    "datePublished": "2026-10-28T10:35:10.493Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-25T10:25:14.397Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-10-31T12:44:14.895Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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      "date": "2026-11-04",
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      "percentile": "0.02666"
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    "microsoft_vex": {
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-01T14:50:58.000Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-99156",
      "id": "msrc_CVE-2026-99156",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-10-29T01:06:23.000Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "2",
      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open()",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/csaf/vex/2026/msrc_cve-2026-99156.json",
      "version": "2"
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        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nscsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open()\n\nst_remove() drops the probe reference on the scsi_tape with kref_put()\nand only afterwards removes its index from st_index_idr. If that was the\nlast reference, scsi_tape_release() frees the structure while it is\nstill published in the idr.\n\nscsi_tape_get(), called from st_open(), looks up the tape in\nst_index_idr and takes a reference under st_ref_mutex and\nst_index_lock. remove_cdevs() does not wait for opens that are already\npast chrdev_open(), so an open that is blocked on st_ref_mutex while\nst_remove() holds it can take the mutex as soon as st_remove() drops it,\nfind the freed tpnt in the idr and call kref_get() on it:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in st_open\n  Write of size 4 ...\n   st_open (drivers/scsi/st.c:254 drivers/scsi/st.c:1291)\n   chrdev_open\n  ...\n  Freed by task ...:\n   kfree\n   st_remove (drivers/scsi/st.c:4512)\n\nRemove the index from the idr before dropping the reference, all under\nst_ref_mutex. A concurrent scsi_tape_get() now either runs first and\nholds a valid reference that keeps the tape alive, or runs afterwards\nand finds nothing, so st_open() fails with -ENXIO.\n\nThis restores the ordering st_remove() had before the conversion to\nst_index_idr, where the tape was unpublished from scsi_tapes[] before\nthe final kref_put()."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-99156",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-31T13:17:57.963",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2026-10-28T11:17:35.797",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/00ff1128123d4bdfacd28d68fb4b6e6f657a3648"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18a0e3733ce38718688e813e5e2d1106bd4830e5"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5ef230f734e0d23db007c8405f38b7e226740084"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71caf7f84bd62a4bf91cc95abd2de690afb8d15f"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d7f9d2ee4b0841f3eba9fa3627044ad329428de"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1647b653549ff29f0422a63eabf329b842f3822"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d9517fc39ec3ee13eadefdc17f45300f7d23ed8c"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7a5da4a4820210aa7d7cd8e6eb25aabe9e5b5a7"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-11-02T03:25:07+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-99156",
      "id": "CVE-2026-99156",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-10-28T10:35:10.493000+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "279",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: kernel: Denial of Service via use-after-free race condition in SCSI tape driver",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-99156.json",
      "version": "3"
    }
  }
}



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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

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    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.