CVE-2026-98491 (GCVE-0-2026-98491)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-18 15:16 – Updated: 2026-10-24 14:09
VLAI
Title
net: openvswitch: conntrack: avoid modifying shared unconfirmed ct entry
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: openvswitch: conntrack: avoid modifying shared unconfirmed ct entry In a case where skb with an unconfirmed ct entry gets cloned, we may end up committing both but with different sets of extensions. The series of events: 1. The first clone wants to commit and runs the helpers wiring up the extension pointer into the expectation list. 2. Then it looses the confirmation keeping the entry unconfirmed. 3. Second clone now wants to commit labels and adds the new extension for that breaking the pointer in the expectation list causing UAF on the destruction path later. While this is possible to trigger, there should be no practical network pipeline where committing both clones without modifications into the same zone is needed. So, let's just reset the entry in case for some reason we got an skb with a shared one during commit. This doesn't affect any known use cases, but avoids any potential problems with sharing and modification of the unconfirmed ct entry. The fixes tag points to the introduction of helpers, since that's the main UAF trigger for the sharing.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
Linux CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard D 53/100 over 6637 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < e0fa5ea434b7e8467ef3adc64e3858b1ca2a642d (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < 37e3c878b183a115f9a114067f9ef3b408ad27fb (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < 707c2dc77891a874f4e8c52c285a511079164ec8 (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < de41ee24f77b0fc45397db3e277cae2adbd43dfe (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < 55e5256adf3940e71802e2f749cacf81518726b0 (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < e2829ae5459ddb5fce526b2e84697edf6c0c3cef (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < 457e0df1b5711fbeb7ba1b6bfd826f5ef30e7e55 (git)
Affected: cae3a2627520c3795b54533c5328b77af3405dbe , < 26b2bd70d22457556e2fa01cbf1192cb1a94d619 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 4.3
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.3 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.271 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.222 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.189 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.158 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.112 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.55 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2.9 , ≤ 7.2.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.3 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
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{
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          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: openvswitch: conntrack: avoid modifying shared unconfirmed ct entry\n\nIn a case where skb with an unconfirmed ct entry gets cloned, we may\nend up committing both but with different sets of extensions.\n\nThe series of events:\n\n 1. The first clone wants to commit and runs the helpers wiring up\n    the extension pointer into the expectation list.\n 2. Then it looses the confirmation keeping the entry unconfirmed.\n 3. Second clone now wants to commit labels and adds the new extension\n    for that breaking the pointer in the expectation list causing\n    UAF on the destruction path later.\n\nWhile this is possible to trigger, there should be no practical\nnetwork pipeline where committing both clones without modifications\ninto the same zone is needed.  So, let\u0027s just reset the entry in case\nfor some reason we got an skb with a shared one during commit.  This\ndoesn\u0027t affect any known use cases, but avoids any potential problems\nwith sharing and modification of the unconfirmed ct entry.\n\nThe fixes tag points to the introduction of helpers, since that\u0027s the\nmain UAF trigger for the sharing."
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              "value": "AV:L - Locally supplied OVS_PACKET_CMD_EXECUTE attributes traverse ovs_packet_cmd_execute()-\u003eovs_execute_actions()-\u003eovs_ct_execute()-\u003eovs_ct_commit()-\u003e__ovs_ct_lookup(), the patched function. The required clone/CT action graph is locally configured; no routable protocol message alone creates it.\nAC:L - The attacker controls the packet clones, competing same-zone commits, helper payload, and label-setting commit; parallel repeated executes can make the helper-bearing clone lose confirmation and relocate the extension block. Both sides of the race and heap grooming are attacker-controlled.\nPR:L - dp_packet_genl_ops marks OVS_PACKET_CMD_EXECUTE with GENL_UNS_ADMIN_PERM, which genl_family_rcv_msg checks as CAP_NET_ADMIN in net-\u003euser_ns. An ordinary user can obtain that capability in a new user and network namespace, so init-namespace root is unnecessary.\nUI:N - After creating a private OVS datapath, the attacker\u2019s own Netlink execute requests and injected packets drive the clone and commit sequence; no victim must configure, open, or approve anything.\nS:U - The stale nf_conn extension pointer and resulting writes affect the same host kernel that processes the attacker\u2019s OVS actions; escalating from a user namespace into that kernel does not cross a CVSS security scope.\nC:H - nf_ct_ext_add() can krealloc and free the old block containing nf_conn_help while an expectation retains pointers into it. Reclaiming that block turns the teardown UAF into groomable kernel-object corruption that can support kernel-memory disclosure.\nI:H - nf_ct_remove_expectations() calls hlist_del_rcu(), whose __hlist_del() writes through exp-\u003elnode.pprev into freed or reused extension memory. This is attacker-groomable kernel heap corruption capable of control-flow hijacking.\nA:H - The stale pprev write during expectation destruction can corrupt a reclaimed kernel object and cause an oops or panic, taking down the host kernel."
            }
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      "product_status:known_affected": "1",
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      "source": "Microsoft CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "net: openvswitch: conntrack: avoid modifying shared unconfirmed ct entry",
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            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: openvswitch: conntrack: avoid modifying shared unconfirmed ct entry\n\nIn a case where skb with an unconfirmed ct entry gets cloned, we may\nend up committing both but with different sets of extensions.\n\nThe series of events:\n\n 1. The first clone wants to commit and runs the helpers wiring up\n    the extension pointer into the expectation list.\n 2. Then it looses the confirmation keeping the entry unconfirmed.\n 3. Second clone now wants to commit labels and adds the new extension\n    for that breaking the pointer in the expectation list causing\n    UAF on the destruction path later.\n\nWhile this is possible to trigger, there should be no practical\nnetwork pipeline where committing both clones without modifications\ninto the same zone is needed.  So, let\u0027s just reset the entry in case\nfor some reason we got an skb with a shared one during commit.  This\ndoesn\u0027t affect any known use cases, but avoids any potential problems\nwith sharing and modification of the unconfirmed ct entry.\n\nThe fixes tag points to the introduction of helpers, since that\u0027s the\nmain UAF trigger for the sharing."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-98491",
        "lastModified": "2026-10-24T14:16:44.297",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
                "attackComplexity": "LOW",
                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
            }
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        "published": "2026-10-18T16:17:00.020",
        "references": [
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/26b2bd70d22457556e2fa01cbf1192cb1a94d619"
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          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de41ee24f77b0fc45397db3e277cae2adbd43dfe"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e0fa5ea434b7e8467ef3adc64e3858b1ca2a642d"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e2829ae5459ddb5fce526b2e84697edf6c0c3cef"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-30T08:10:17+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-98491",
      "id": "CVE-2026-98491",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-10-18T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "265",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "14",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: net: openvswitch: conntrack: avoid modifying shared unconfirmed ct entry",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-98491.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-10-22T16:37:59Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-98491",
      "id": "CVE-2026-98491",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-10-18T23:46:06Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "205",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "143",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-98491",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/2026/cve-2026-98491.json",
      "version": "4"
    }
  }
}



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Drag nodes to arrange them. Double-click a related vulnerability to open it, or a source to visit its link. The Physics button on the left tunes the layout and the simulation; the legend at the bottom left hides or shows nodes by kind and by sighting type.

Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Vulnerability timeline

Sightings and recorded dates, grouped by day · UTC

JSON
How durations are calculated

Following the VTEM framework (Black Hat USA 2015), time to patch starts when the vendor or a coordinator was informed, total time to patch at discovery, and disclosure to patch at public disclosure; vendor response time runs from the report to its acknowledgement. Time to exploit and time unpatched start at the earliest discovery or report, falling back to public disclosure. Unpatched time ends at the first recorded patch, or the calculation time when no patch is recorded. Exploitation to patch shows the interval between those two events; a published proof of concept is a public exploit, not exploitation.

Each result shows its source dates. A negative interval means the end event came first; when date-only inputs leave the order open, the result says so. Date-only inputs are approximate. The earliest evidence wins: KEV report dates and sightings are labelled as such. Records describing another vulnerability are listed but never calculated from, and a PoC alone does not establish exploitation. Missing patch evidence does not prove that no patch exists. Filters below change the event list only.

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    Related by attack behaviour

    Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.