CVE-2026-72435 (GCVE-0-2026-72435)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-15 05:56 – Updated: 2026-08-17 05:44
VLAI
Title
netfilter: ipset: fix order of kfree_rcu() and rcu_assign_pointer()
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ipset: fix order of kfree_rcu() and rcu_assign_pointer() Sashiko pointed out that kfree_rcu() was called before rcu_assign_pointer() in handling the comment extension. Fix the order so that rcu_assign_pointer() called first.
Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 , < c9787d7c24ffd83019f379455e1b97fb4f0f75eb (git)
Affected: b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 , < 6e98407cb94e035bba98956adc9096a76d8b2a9f (git)
Affected: b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 , < 50b70f56f3baaff46599f59b2d93fa2540120776 (git)
Affected: b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 , < d01b4b471f0fc5c396af62845e972ccf99cee29a (git)
Affected: b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 , < fcb565966534909377a16be5f7b065db2e25c8b5 (git)
Affected: b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 , < 8087bb360a936a6314d22b567e4b861656943eb6 (git)
Affected: b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 , < 93a775fd67f3ef34949a9523bfa69403ee74efdd (git)
Affected: b57b2d1fa53fe8563bdfc66a33b844463b9af285 , < 3ca9982a8882470aa0ac4e8bb9a552b181d1efcd (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 4.2
Unaffected: 0 , < 4.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.261 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.212 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.178 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.145 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.97 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.40 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.1.5 , ≤ 7.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.2 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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{
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          "programFiles": [
            "net/netfilter/ipset/ip_set_core.c"
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              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
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      "cpeApplicability": [
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              "operator": "OR"
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        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: ipset: fix order of kfree_rcu() and rcu_assign_pointer()\n\nSashiko pointed out that kfree_rcu() was called before\nrcu_assign_pointer() in handling the comment extension.\nFix the order so that rcu_assign_pointer() called first."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
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            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "scenarios": [
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              "lang": "en",
              "value": "AV:L - The bug is reached only through nfnetlink IPSET commands (ADD/DEL/LIST/SAVE) on NETLINK_GENERIC; nfnetlink_rcv() requires CAP_NET_ADMIN and no remote packet path feeds comment free/replace, so kernel CNA guidance treats netfilter/ipset netlink as Local.\nAC:L - LIST/SAVE dump runs asynchronously without holding the nfnl mutex while mtype_list holds rcu_read_lock and calls ip_set_put_comment; an attacker with CAP_NET_ADMIN can concurrently issue ADD/--exist comment replacement, DEL/flush, or timeout GC to hit the kfree_rcu-before-NULL ordering reliably.\nPR:L - nfnetlink_rcv() gates every ipset command on netlink_net_capable(skb, CAP_NET_ADMIN), which resolves to ns_capable(sock_net()-\u003euser_ns, CAP_NET_ADMIN); unprivileged users obtain this inside a user/network namespace via unshare -Urn and fully control per-netns ipset configuration.\nUI:N - Exploitation is fully attacker-driven through netlink: create a comment-enabled set, start LIST/SAVE dump, and concurrently add/delete/flush elements or let timeout GC run; no victim click, mount, or other deliberate action is required beyond ordinary local control.\nS:U - The RCU use-after-free corrupts kernel heap memory and can yield host privilege escalation or crash, but impact stays within the same kernel security authority and does not cross VM/host, container/host, or IOMMU boundaries.\nC:H - Calling kfree_rcu() before rcu_assign_pointer(NULL) lets dump readers under rcu_read_lock still rcu_dereference(comment-\u003ec) and nla_put_string() reads freed ip_set_comment_rcu kmalloc memory\u2014a classic UAF read usable for arbitrary kernel disclosure with heap grooming.\nI:H - Concurrent free and replacement of RCU-managed comment objects lets an attacker reclaim and control freed slab memory, providing standard paths to arbitrary kernel writes, metadata corruption, and control-flow hijack rather than a bounded or crash-only integrity effect.\nA:H - Stale comment pointer dereference during dump or subsequent slab reuse can immediately kernel-oops or panic the host, and the underlying UAF heap corruption can crash or hang the system even when full exploitation is not attempted."
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:10.925Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9787d7c24ffd83019f379455e1b97fb4f0f75eb"
        },
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6e98407cb94e035bba98956adc9096a76d8b2a9f"
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          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/50b70f56f3baaff46599f59b2d93fa2540120776"
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        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ca9982a8882470aa0ac4e8bb9a552b181d1efcd"
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      "title": "netfilter: ipset: fix order of kfree_rcu() and rcu_assign_pointer()",
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    "cveId": "CVE-2026-72435",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-15T05:56:49.402Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-09T03:40:39.929Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-17T05:44:10.925Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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      "date": "2026-09-21",
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      "percentile": "0.06589"
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        "cveTags": [],
        "descriptions": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: ipset: fix order of kfree_rcu() and rcu_assign_pointer()\n\nSashiko pointed out that kfree_rcu() was called before\nrcu_assign_pointer() in handling the comment extension.\nFix the order so that rcu_assign_pointer() called first."
          }
        ],
        "id": "CVE-2026-72435",
        "lastModified": "2026-08-17T06:19:10.820",
        "metrics": {
          "cvssMetricV31": [
            {
              "cvssData": {
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                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 7.8,
                "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
                "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
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              "impactScore": 5.9,
              "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
              "type": "Secondary"
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        "published": "2026-08-15T06:22:17.343",
        "references": [
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3ca9982a8882470aa0ac4e8bb9a552b181d1efcd"
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9787d7c24ffd83019f379455e1b97fb4f0f75eb"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d01b4b471f0fc5c396af62845e972ccf99cee29a"
          },
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            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fcb565966534909377a16be5f7b065db2e25c8b5"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Received"
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-19T17:41:34+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-72435",
      "id": "CVE-2026-72435",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-08-15T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "274",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: netfilter: ipset: fix order of kfree_rcu() and rcu_assign_pointer()",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-72435.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-02T11:45:28Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-72435",
      "id": "CVE-2026-72435",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-09-02T11:45:28Z",
      "product_status:known_affected": "315",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "47",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-72435",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-72435.json",
      "version": "2"
    }
  }
}



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Tags
Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.