CVE-2026-53360 (GCVE-0-2026-53360)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-04 11:53 – Updated: 2026-08-05 12:35
VLAI
Title
KVM: SEV: Require in-GHCB scratch area if GHCB v2+ is in use
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: KVM: SEV: Require in-GHCB scratch area if GHCB v2+ is in use As per the GHCB spec, when using GHCB v2+ require the software scratch area to reside in the GHCB's shared buffer. Note, things like Page State Change (PSC) requests _rely_ on this behavior, as the guest can't provide a length when making the request, i.e. the size of the guest payload is bounded by the size of the shared buffer. Failure to force usage of the GHCB, and a slew of other flaws, lets a malicious SNP guest corrupt host kernel heap memory, and leak host heap layout information. setup_vmgexit_scratch() allocates a buffer via kvzalloc(exit_info_2), where exit_info_2 is guest-controlled. With exit_info_2=24, this yields a 24-byte allocation in kmalloc-cg-32 (32-byte slab objects). The buffer holds an 8-byte psc_hdr followed by 8-byte psc_entry structs, so only entries[0] and entries[1] are in-bounds. snp_begin_psc() validates end_entry against VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT (253) but NOT against the actual buffer size: idx_end = hdr->end_entry; if (idx_end >= VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT) { // checks 253, not buffer snp_complete_psc(svm, ...); return 1; } for (idx = idx_start; idx <= idx_end; idx++) { entry_start = entries[idx]; // OOB when idx >= 2 The guest sets end_entry=10+, causing the host to iterate entries[2+] which are OOB into adjacent slab objects. For each OOB entry: - The host reads 8 bytes (OOB READ / info leak oracle) - If the data passes PSC validation, __snp_complete_one_psc() writes cur_page = 1 or 512 into the entry (OOB WRITE, sev.c:3806) - If validation fails, the error response reveals whether adjacent memory is zero vs non-zero (information disclosure to guest) The guest controls allocation size (exit_info_2), entry range (cur_entry/end_entry), and can fire unlimited VMGEXITs to repeatedly hit different slab positions. By exploiting the variety of bugs, a malicious SEV-SNP guest can: - OOB read adjacent kmalloc-cg-32 objects (heap layout disclosure) - OOB write cur_page bits into adjacent objects (heap corruption) - Trigger use-after-free conditions across VMGEXITs E.g. with KASAN enabled, a single insmod of the PoC guest module produces 73 KASAN reports: BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in snp_begin_psc+0x126/0x890 Read of size 8 at addr ffff888219ffb5e0 by task qemu-system-x86/2199 BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in snp_begin_psc+0x468/0x890 Write of size 8 at addr ffff888351566648 by task qemu-system-x86/2199 The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888XXXXXXXXX which belongs to the cache kmalloc-cg-32 of size 32 The buggy address is located N bytes to the right of allocated 32-byte region [ffff888XXXXXXXXX, ffff888XXXXXXXXX) Breakdown: 62 slab-out-of-bounds (reads + writes past allocation) 7 slab-use-after-free 4 use-after-free All credit to Stan for the wonderful description and reproducer! [sean: write changelog]
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 4af663c2f64a8d252e690c60cf8b8abf22dc2951 , < bf9ba093fbb83c0c9a3dedd50efec29424eca2fc (git)
Affected: 4af663c2f64a8d252e690c60cf8b8abf22dc2951 , < c9b4198fbc6ed99a9da4bee9f74bb730f926c9ae (git)
Affected: 4af663c2f64a8d252e690c60cf8b8abf22dc2951 , < b328ede59ac34e7998e1eee5e5f0cc26c2a91846 (git)
Affected: 4af663c2f64a8d252e690c60cf8b8abf22dc2951 , < db3f2195d29344a3cf1e9dd9ab7f21ced7308cf7 (git)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 6.10
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.10 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.93 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.18.35 , ≤ 6.18.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.0.12 , ≤ 7.0.* (semver)
Unaffected: 7.1 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nKVM: SEV: Require in-GHCB scratch area if GHCB v2+ is in use\n\nAs per the GHCB spec, when using GHCB v2+ require the software scratch area\nto reside in the GHCB\u0027s shared buffer.  Note, things like Page State Change\n(PSC) requests _rely_ on this behavior, as the guest can\u0027t provide a length\nwhen making the request, i.e. the size of the guest payload is bounded by\nthe size of the shared buffer.\n\nFailure to force usage of the GHCB, and a slew of other flaws, lets a\nmalicious SNP guest corrupt host kernel heap memory, and leak host heap\nlayout information.\n\nsetup_vmgexit_scratch() allocates a buffer via kvzalloc(exit_info_2),\nwhere exit_info_2 is guest-controlled. With exit_info_2=24, this yields\na 24-byte allocation in kmalloc-cg-32 (32-byte slab objects). The buffer\nholds an 8-byte psc_hdr followed by 8-byte psc_entry structs, so only\nentries[0] and entries[1] are in-bounds.\n\nsnp_begin_psc() validates end_entry against VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT (253)\nbut NOT against the actual buffer size:\n\n      idx_end = hdr-\u003eend_entry;\n\n      if (idx_end \u003e= VMGEXIT_PSC_MAX_COUNT) {   // checks 253, not buffer\n          snp_complete_psc(svm, ...);\n          return 1;\n      }\n\n      for (idx = idx_start; idx \u003c= idx_end; idx++) {\n          entry_start = entries[idx];           // OOB when idx \u003e= 2\n\nThe guest sets end_entry=10+, causing the host to iterate entries[2+]\nwhich are OOB into adjacent slab objects. For each OOB entry:\n\n  - The host reads 8 bytes (OOB READ / info leak oracle)\n  - If the data passes PSC validation, __snp_complete_one_psc() writes\n    cur_page = 1 or 512 into the entry (OOB WRITE, sev.c:3806)\n  - If validation fails, the error response reveals whether adjacent\n    memory is zero vs non-zero (information disclosure to guest)\n\nThe guest controls allocation size (exit_info_2), entry range\n(cur_entry/end_entry), and can fire unlimited VMGEXITs to repeatedly\nhit different slab positions.\n\nBy exploiting the variety of bugs, a malicious SEV-SNP guest can:\n    - OOB read adjacent kmalloc-cg-32 objects (heap layout disclosure)\n    - OOB write cur_page bits into adjacent objects (heap corruption)\n    - Trigger use-after-free conditions across VMGEXITs\n\nE.g. with KASAN enabled, a single insmod of the PoC guest module\nproduces 73 KASAN reports:\n\n    BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in snp_begin_psc+0x126/0x890\n    Read of size 8 at addr ffff888219ffb5e0 by task qemu-system-x86/2199\n\n    BUG: KASAN: slab-out-of-bounds in snp_begin_psc+0x468/0x890\n    Write of size 8 at addr ffff888351566648 by task qemu-system-x86/2199\n\n    The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff888XXXXXXXXX\n     which belongs to the cache kmalloc-cg-32 of size 32\n    The buggy address is located N bytes to the right of\n     allocated 32-byte region [ffff888XXXXXXXXX, ffff888XXXXXXXXX)\n\n  Breakdown:\n    62 slab-out-of-bounds (reads + writes past allocation)\n     7 slab-use-after-free\n     4 use-after-free\n\nAll credit to Stan for the wonderful description and reproducer!\n\n[sean: write changelog]"
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        "id": "CVE-2026-53360",
        "lastModified": "2026-07-22T19:07:37.640",
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                "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
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                "scope": "CHANGED",
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        "published": "2026-07-04T12:17:01.880",
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              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b328ede59ac34e7998e1eee5e5f0cc26c2a91846"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bf9ba093fbb83c0c9a3dedd50efec29424eca2fc"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c9b4198fbc6ed99a9da4bee9f74bb730f926c9ae"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db3f2195d29344a3cf1e9dd9ab7f21ced7308cf7"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "CWE-125"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-08-20T12:25:28+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-53360",
      "id": "CVE-2026-53360",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-07-04T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "184",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "90",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: KVM: SEV: Require in-GHCB scratch area if GHCB v2+ is in use",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-53360.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "important",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-18T00:51:07Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2026-53360",
      "id": "CVE-2026-53360",
      "initial_release_date": "2026-07-05T01:58:43Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "35",
      "product_status:known_affected": "540",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "164",
      "product_status:recommended": "258",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2026-53360",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2026-53360.json",
      "version": "13"
    }
  }
}



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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

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Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

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Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.


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