CVE-2025-38496 (GCVE-0-2025-38496)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-28 11:22 – Updated: 2026-05-11 21:29
VLAI
Title
dm-bufio: fix sched in atomic context
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dm-bufio: fix sched in atomic context If "try_verify_in_tasklet" is set for dm-verity, DM_BUFIO_CLIENT_NO_SLEEP is enabled for dm-bufio. However, when bufio tries to evict buffers, there is a chance to trigger scheduling in spin_lock_bh, the following warning is hit: BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at drivers/md/dm-bufio.c:2745 in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 123, name: kworker/2:2 preempt_count: 201, expected: 0 RCU nest depth: 0, expected: 0 4 locks held by kworker/2:2/123: #0: ffff88800a2d1548 ((wq_completion)dm_bufio_cache){....}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work+0xe46/0x1970 #1: ffffc90000d97d20 ((work_completion)(&dm_bufio_replacement_work)){....}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work+0x763/0x1970 #2: ffffffff8555b528 (dm_bufio_clients_lock){....}-{3:3}, at: do_global_cleanup+0x1ce/0x710 #3: ffff88801d5820b8 (&c->spinlock){....}-{2:2}, at: do_global_cleanup+0x2a5/0x710 Preemption disabled at: [<0000000000000000>] 0x0 CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 123 Comm: kworker/2:2 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc3-g90548c634bd0 #305 PREEMPT(voluntary) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 Workqueue: dm_bufio_cache do_global_cleanup Call Trace: <TASK> dump_stack_lvl+0x53/0x70 __might_resched+0x360/0x4e0 do_global_cleanup+0x2f5/0x710 process_one_work+0x7db/0x1970 worker_thread+0x518/0xea0 kthread+0x359/0x690 ret_from_fork+0xf3/0x1b0 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 </TASK> That can be reproduced by: veritysetup format --data-block-size=4096 --hash-block-size=4096 /dev/vda /dev/vdb SIZE=$(blockdev --getsz /dev/vda) dmsetup create myverity -r --table "0 $SIZE verity 1 /dev/vda /dev/vdb 4096 4096 <data_blocks> 1 sha256 <root_hash> <salt> 1 try_verify_in_tasklet" mount /dev/dm-0 /mnt -o ro echo 102400 > /sys/module/dm_bufio/parameters/max_cache_size_bytes [read files in /mnt]
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version CPE status
Linux Linux Affected: 450e8dee51aa6fa1dd0f64073e88235f1a77b035 , < 469a39a33a9934af157299bf11c58f6e6cb53f85 (git)
Affected: 450e8dee51aa6fa1dd0f64073e88235f1a77b035 , < 68860d1ade385eef9fcdbf6552f061283091fdb8 (git)
Affected: 450e8dee51aa6fa1dd0f64073e88235f1a77b035 , < 3edfdb1d4ef81320dae0caa40bc24baf8c1bbb86 (git)
Affected: 450e8dee51aa6fa1dd0f64073e88235f1a77b035 , < b1bf1a782fdf5c482215c0c661b5da98b8e75773 (git)
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Linux Linux Affected: 6.4
Unaffected: 0 , < 6.4 (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.100 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.40 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.8 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
guessed Create a notification for this product.
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            "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ndm-bufio: fix sched in atomic context\n\nIf \"try_verify_in_tasklet\" is set for dm-verity, DM_BUFIO_CLIENT_NO_SLEEP\nis enabled for dm-bufio. However, when bufio tries to evict buffers, there\nis a chance to trigger scheduling in spin_lock_bh, the following warning\nis hit:\n\nBUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at drivers/md/dm-bufio.c:2745\nin_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 123, name: kworker/2:2\npreempt_count: 201, expected: 0\nRCU nest depth: 0, expected: 0\n4 locks held by kworker/2:2/123:\n #0: ffff88800a2d1548 ((wq_completion)dm_bufio_cache){....}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work+0xe46/0x1970\n #1: ffffc90000d97d20 ((work_completion)(\u0026dm_bufio_replacement_work)){....}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work+0x763/0x1970\n #2: ffffffff8555b528 (dm_bufio_clients_lock){....}-{3:3}, at: do_global_cleanup+0x1ce/0x710\n #3: ffff88801d5820b8 (\u0026c-\u003espinlock){....}-{2:2}, at: do_global_cleanup+0x2a5/0x710\nPreemption disabled at:\n[\u003c0000000000000000\u003e] 0x0\nCPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 123 Comm: kworker/2:2 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc3-g90548c634bd0 #305 PREEMPT(voluntary)\nHardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014\nWorkqueue: dm_bufio_cache do_global_cleanup\nCall Trace:\n \u003cTASK\u003e\n dump_stack_lvl+0x53/0x70\n __might_resched+0x360/0x4e0\n do_global_cleanup+0x2f5/0x710\n process_one_work+0x7db/0x1970\n worker_thread+0x518/0xea0\n kthread+0x359/0x690\n ret_from_fork+0xf3/0x1b0\n ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30\n \u003c/TASK\u003e\n\nThat can be reproduced by:\n\n  veritysetup format --data-block-size=4096 --hash-block-size=4096 /dev/vda /dev/vdb\n  SIZE=$(blockdev --getsz /dev/vda)\n  dmsetup create myverity -r --table \"0 $SIZE verity 1 /dev/vda /dev/vdb 4096 4096 \u003cdata_blocks\u003e 1 sha256 \u003croot_hash\u003e \u003csalt\u003e 1 try_verify_in_tasklet\"\n  mount /dev/dm-0 /mnt -o ro\n  echo 102400 \u003e /sys/module/dm_bufio/parameters/max_cache_size_bytes\n  [read files in /mnt]"
          },
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            "lang": "es",
            "value": "En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: dm-bufio: correcci\u00f3n de sched en contexto at\u00f3mico Si \"try_verify_in_tasklet\" est\u00e1 configurado para dm-verity, DM_BUFIO_CLIENT_NO_SLEEP est\u00e1 habilitado para dm-bufio. Sin embargo, cuando bufio intenta expulsar b\u00fafer, existe la posibilidad de activar la programaci\u00f3n en spin_lock_bh, se muestra la siguiente advertencia: BUG: sleeping function called from invalid context at drivers/md/dm-bufio.c:2745 in_atomic(): 1, irqs_disabled(): 0, non_block: 0, pid: 123, name: kworker/2:2 preempt_count: 201, expected: 0 RCU nest depth: 0, expected: 0 4 locks held by kworker/2:2/123: #0: ffff88800a2d1548 ((wq_completion)dm_bufio_cache){....}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work+0xe46/0x1970 #1: ffffc90000d97d20 ((work_completion)(\u0026amp;dm_bufio_replacement_work)){....}-{0:0}, at: process_one_work+0x763/0x1970 #2: ffffffff8555b528 (dm_bufio_clients_lock){....}-{3:3}, at: do_global_cleanup+0x1ce/0x710 #3: ffff88801d5820b8 (\u0026amp;c-\u0026gt;spinlock){....}-{2:2}, at: do_global_cleanup+0x2a5/0x710 Preemption disabled at: [\u0026lt;0000000000000000\u0026gt;] 0x0 CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 123 Comm: kworker/2:2 Not tainted 6.16.0-rc3-g90548c634bd0 #305 PREEMPT(voluntary) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.16.3-0-ga6ed6b701f0a-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 Workqueue: dm_bufio_cache do_global_cleanup Call Trace:  dump_stack_lvl+0x53/0x70 __might_resched+0x360/0x4e0 do_global_cleanup+0x2f5/0x710 process_one_work+0x7db/0x1970 worker_thread+0x518/0xea0 kthread+0x359/0x690 ret_from_fork+0xf3/0x1b0 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30  That can be reproduced by: veritysetup format --data-block-size=4096 --hash-block-size=4096 /dev/vda /dev/vdb SIZE=$(blockdev --getsz /dev/vda) dmsetup create myverity -r --table \"0 $SIZE verity 1 /dev/vda /dev/vdb 4096 4096  1 sha256   1 try_verify_in_tasklet\" mount /dev/dm-0 /mnt -o ro echo 102400 \u0026gt; /sys/module/dm_bufio/parameters/max_cache_size_bytes [read files in /mnt]"
          }
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        "id": "CVE-2025-38496",
        "lastModified": "2026-06-17T09:16:59.000",
        "metrics": {
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                "attackVector": "LOCAL",
                "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
                "baseScore": 5.5,
                "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
                "confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
                "integrityImpact": "NONE",
                "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
                "scope": "UNCHANGED",
                "userInteraction": "NONE",
                "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
                "version": "3.1"
              },
              "exploitabilityScore": 1.8,
              "impactScore": 3.6,
              "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
              "type": "Primary"
            }
          ]
        },
        "published": "2025-07-28T12:15:31.847",
        "references": [
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3edfdb1d4ef81320dae0caa40bc24baf8c1bbb86"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/469a39a33a9934af157299bf11c58f6e6cb53f85"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/68860d1ade385eef9fcdbf6552f061283091fdb8"
          },
          {
            "source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
            "tags": [
              "Patch"
            ],
            "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b1bf1a782fdf5c482215c0c661b5da98b8e75773"
          }
        ],
        "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "vulnStatus": "Analyzed",
        "weaknesses": [
          {
            "description": [
              {
                "lang": "en",
                "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"
              }
            ],
            "source": "nvd@nist.gov",
            "type": "Primary"
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "redhat_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "Moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-06-30T01:09:23+00:00",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38496",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38496",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-07-28T00:00:00+00:00",
      "product_status:known_affected": "198",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "76",
      "source": "Red Hat CSAF VEX",
      "status": "final",
      "title": "kernel: Linux kernel: Denial of Service in dm-bufio due to scheduling in atomic context",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-38496.json",
      "version": "3"
    },
    "suse_vex": {
      "aggregate_severity": "moderate",
      "current_release_date": "2026-09-23T00:38:40Z",
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38496",
      "id": "CVE-2025-38496",
      "initial_release_date": "2025-07-28T23:22:22Z",
      "product_status:first_fixed": "2",
      "product_status:known_affected": "394",
      "product_status:known_not_affected": "450",
      "product_status:recommended": "472",
      "source": "SUSE CSAF VEX",
      "status": "interim",
      "title": "SUSE CVE CVE-2025-38496",
      "url": "https://ftp.suse.com/pub/projects/security/csaf-vex/cve-2025-38496.json",
      "version": "46"
    }
  }
}



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Taxonomy of the tags.





Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Related by attack behaviour

Vulnerabilities whose description is nearest to this one in the vector space of the CIRCL/vulnerability-attack-technique-biencoder model. This is a similarity search over the bi-encoder space (plain cosine), not a classification, and it has no measured accuracy.