CWE-444
Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
CVE-2022-22536 (GCVE-0-2022-22536)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2022-02-09 22:05
Modified
2025-07-30 01:37
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling')
Summary
SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP, SAP NetWeaver Application Server Java, ABAP Platform, SAP Content Server 7.53 and SAP Web Dispatcher are vulnerable for request smuggling and request concatenation. An unauthenticated attacker can prepend a victim's request with arbitrary data. This way, the attacker can execute functions impersonating the victim or poison intermediary Web caches. A successful attack could result in complete compromise of Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability of the system.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3123396 | x_refsource_MISC | |
| https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▼ | SAP SE | SAP NetWeaver and ABAP Platform |
Version: KERNEL 7.22 Version: 8.04 Version: 7.49 Version: 7.53 Version: 7.77 Version: 7.81 Version: 7.85 Version: 7.86 Version: 7.87 Version: KRNL64UC 8.04 Version: 7.22 Version: 7.22EXT Version: KRNL64NUC 7.22 |
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CVE-2022-39163 (GCVE-0-2022-39163)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-03-26 13:51
Modified
2025-08-15 15:22
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Summary
IBM Cognos Controller 11.0.0 through 11.1.0 is vulnerable to a Client-Side Desync (CSD) attack where an attacker could exploit a desynchronized browser connection that could lead to further cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7192746 | vendor-advisory, patch |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▼ | IBM | Cognos Controller |
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CVE-2023-38522 (GCVE-0-2023-38522)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-07-26 09:11
Modified
2025-09-19 18:11
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling')
Summary
Apache Traffic Server accepts characters that are not allowed for HTTP field names and forwards malformed requests to origin servers. This can be utilized for request smuggling and may also lead cache poisoning if the origin servers are vulnerable.
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References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/c4mcmpblgl8kkmyt56t23543gp8v56m0 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Traffic Server |
Version: 8.0.0 ≤ 8.1.10 Version: 9.0.0 ≤ 9.2.4 |
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CVE-2023-46589 (GCVE-0-2023-46589)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2023-11-28 15:31
Modified
2025-08-21 13:49
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request Smuggling')
Summary
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.Tomcat from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.0-M10, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.15, from 9.0.0-M1 through 9.0.82 and from 8.5.0 through 8.5.95 did not correctly parse HTTP trailer headers. A trailer header that exceeded the header size limit could cause Tomcat to treat a single
request as multiple requests leading to the possibility of request
smuggling when behind a reverse proxy.
Older, EOL versions may also be affected.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.0-M11 onwards, 10.1.16 onwards, 9.0.83 onwards or 8.5.96 onwards, which fix the issue.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Tomcat |
Version: 11.0.0-M1 ≤ 11.0.0-M10 Version: 10.1.0-M1 ≤ 10.1.15 Version: 9.0.0-M1 ≤ 9.0.82 Version: 8.5.0 ≤ 8.5.95 |
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CVE-2023-46846 (GCVE-0-2023-46846)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2023-11-03 07:33
Modified
2025-09-12 19:51
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Summary
SQUID is vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling, caused by chunked decoder lenience, allows a remote attacker to perform Request/Response smuggling past firewall and frontend security systems.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▼ |
Version: 2.6 ≤ |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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CVE-2024-12397 (GCVE-0-2024-12397)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-12-12 09:05
Modified
2025-08-04 14:35
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Summary
A flaw was found in Quarkus-HTTP, which incorrectly parses cookies with
certain value-delimiting characters in incoming requests. This issue could
allow an attacker to construct a cookie value to exfiltrate HttpOnly cookie
values or spoof arbitrary additional cookie values, leading to unauthorized
data access or modification. The main threat from this flaw impacts data
confidentiality and integrity.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:0900 | vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:3018 | vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:8761 | vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-12397 | vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2331298 | issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▼ |
Version: 0 ≤ |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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CVE-2024-9622 (GCVE-0-2024-9622)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-10-08 16:26
Modified
2025-09-02 22:42
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Summary
A vulnerability was found in the resteasy-netty4 library arising from improper handling of HTTP requests using smuggling techniques. When an HTTP smuggling request with an ASCII control character is sent, it causes the Netty HttpObjectDecoder to transition into a BAD_MESSAGE state. As a result, any subsequent legitimate requests on the same connection are ignored, leading to client timeouts, which may impact systems using load balancers and expose them to risk.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-9622 | vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2317179 | issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://github.com/orgs/resteasy/discussions/4351 | ||
| https://github.com/resteasy/resteasy |
Impacted products
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▼ |
Version: 0 ≤ |
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|
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CVE-2024-9666 (GCVE-0-2024-9666)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-11-25 07:29
Modified
2025-09-02 22:43
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Summary
A vulnerability was found in the Keycloak Server. The Keycloak Server is vulnerable to a denial of service (DoS) attack due to improper handling of proxy headers. When Keycloak is configured to accept incoming proxy headers, it may accept non-IP values, such as obfuscated identifiers, without proper validation. This issue can lead to costly DNS resolution operations, which an attacker could exploit to tie up IO threads and potentially cause a denial of service.
The attacker must have access to send requests to a Keycloak instance that is configured to accept proxy headers, specifically when reverse proxies do not overwrite incoming headers, and Keycloak is configured to trust these headers.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10175 | vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10176 | vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10177 | vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:10178 | vendor-advisory, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-9666 | vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2317440 | issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▼ |
Version: 0 ≤ Version: 25.0.0 ≤ |
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CVE-2025-0752 (GCVE-0-2025-0752)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-01-28 09:29
Modified
2025-08-22 14:19
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Summary
A flaw was found in OpenShift Service Mesh 2.6.3 and 2.5.6. Rate-limiter avoidance, access-control bypass, CPU and memory exhaustion, and replay attacks may be possible due to improper HTTP header sanitization in Envoy.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0752 | vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2339115 | issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||||||||||||
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| ▼ |
Version: 2.6.3 ≤ Version: 2.5.6 ≤ |
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CVE-2025-32094 (GCVE-0-2025-32094)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-07 00:00
Modified
2025-08-07 14:40
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Summary
An issue was discovered in Akamai Ghost, as used for the Akamai CDN platform before 2025-03-26. Under certain circumstances, a client making an HTTP/1.x OPTIONS request with an "Expect: 100-continue" header, and using obsolete line folding, can lead to a discrepancy in how two in-path Akamai servers interpret the request, allowing an attacker to smuggle a second request in the original request body.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akamai | AkamaiGhost |
Version: 0 < 2025-03-26 |
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Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Use only SSL communication.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- Terminate the client session after each request.
Mitigation
Phase: System Configuration
Description:
- Turn all pages to non-cacheable.
CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling
['An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).', 'See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.']
CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling
['An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).', 'See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.']