CWE-41
Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence
The product is vulnerable to file system contents disclosure through path equivalence. Path equivalence involves the use of special characters in file and directory names. The associated manipulations are intended to generate multiple names for the same object.
CVE-2025-21189 (GCVE-0-2025-21189)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
- CWE-41 - Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence
▼ | URL | Tags |
---|---|---|
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21189 | vendor-advisory |
Vendor | Product | Version | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
▼ | Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Version: 10.0.17763.0 < 10.0.17763.6775 |
|
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"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N/E:P/RL:O/RC:C", "version": "3.1" }, "format": "CVSS", "scenarios": [ { "lang": "en-US", "value": "GENERAL" } ] } ], "problemTypes": [ { "descriptions": [ { "cweId": "CWE-41", "description": "CWE-41: Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence", "lang": "en-US", "type": "CWE" } ] } ], "providerMetadata": { "dateUpdated": "2025-09-09T23:46:33.933Z", "orgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8", "shortName": "microsoft" }, "references": [ { "name": "MapUrlToZone Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability", "tags": [ "vendor-advisory" ], "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21189" } ], "title": "MapUrlToZone Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability" } }, "cveMetadata": { "assignerOrgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8", "assignerShortName": "microsoft", "cveId": "CVE-2025-21189", "datePublished": "2025-01-14T18:04:29.414Z", "dateReserved": "2024-12-05T21:43:30.766Z", "dateUpdated": "2025-09-09T23:46:33.933Z", "state": "PUBLISHED" }, "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.1" }
CVE-2025-21219 (GCVE-0-2025-21219)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
- CWE-41 - Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence
▼ | URL | Tags |
---|---|---|
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21219 | vendor-advisory |
Vendor | Product | Version | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
▼ | Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Version: 10.0.17763.0 < 10.0.17763.6775 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
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CVE-2025-21268 (GCVE-0-2025-21268)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
- CWE-41 - Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence
▼ | URL | Tags |
---|---|---|
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21268 | vendor-advisory |
Vendor | Product | Version | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
▼ | Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) |
Version: 10.0.26100.0 < 10.0.26100.2894 |
|
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CVE-2025-21269 (GCVE-0-2025-21269)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
- CWE-41 - Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence
▼ | URL | Tags |
---|---|---|
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21269 | vendor-advisory |
Vendor | Product | Version | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
▼ | Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Version: 10.0.17763.0 < 10.0.17763.6775 |
|
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CVE-2025-21328 (GCVE-0-2025-21328)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
- CWE-41 - Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence
▼ | URL | Tags |
---|---|---|
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21328 | vendor-advisory |
Vendor | Product | Version | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
▼ | Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Version: 10.0.17763.0 < 10.0.17763.6775 |
|
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CVE-2025-21329 (GCVE-0-2025-21329)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
- CWE-41 - Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence
▼ | URL | Tags |
---|---|---|
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21329 | vendor-advisory |
Vendor | Product | Version | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
▼ | Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Version: 10.0.26100.0 < 10.0.26100.2894 |
|
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CVE-2025-21332 (GCVE-0-2025-21332)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
- CWE-41 - Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence
▼ | URL | Tags |
---|---|---|
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21332 | vendor-advisory |
Vendor | Product | Version | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
▼ | Microsoft | Windows Server 2025 |
Version: 10.0.26100.0 < 10.0.26100.2894 |
|
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CVE-2025-54107 (GCVE-0-2025-54107)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
- CWE-41 - Improper Resolution of Path Equivalence
▼ | URL | Tags |
---|---|---|
https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-54107 | vendor-advisory |
Vendor | Product | Version | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
▼ | Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
Version: 10.0.17763.0 < 10.0.17763.7792 |
|
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Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation ID: MIT-30
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Description:
- Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
Mitigation ID: MIT-20
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-3: Using Leading 'Ghost' Character Sequences to Bypass Input Filters
Some APIs will strip certain leading characters from a string of parameters. An adversary can intentionally introduce leading "ghost" characters (extra characters that don't affect the validity of the request at the API layer) that enable the input to pass the filters and therefore process the adversary's input. This occurs when the targeted API will accept input data in several syntactic forms and interpret it in the equivalent semantic way, while the filter does not take into account the full spectrum of the syntactic forms acceptable to the targeted API.