CWE-146
Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters
The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could be interpreted as expression or command delimiters when they are sent to a downstream component.
CVE-2025-20237 (GCVE-0-2025-20237)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-14 16:29
Modified
2025-08-15 03:55
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-146 - Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters
Summary
A vulnerability in Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system with root-level privileges. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of commands that are supplied by the user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to a device and submitting crafted input for specific commands. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute commands on the underlying operating system as root.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▼ | Cisco | Cisco Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software |
Version: 9.8.1 Version: 9.8.1.5 Version: 9.8.1.7 Version: 9.8.2 Version: 9.8.2.8 Version: 9.8.2.14 Version: 9.8.2.15 Version: 9.8.2.17 Version: 9.8.2.20 Version: 9.8.2.24 Version: 9.8.2.26 Version: 9.8.2.28 Version: 9.8.2.33 Version: 9.8.2.35 Version: 9.8.2.38 Version: 9.8.3.8 Version: 9.8.3.11 Version: 9.8.3.14 Version: 9.8.3.16 Version: 9.8.3.18 Version: 9.8.3.21 Version: 9.8.3 Version: 9.8.3.26 Version: 9.8.3.29 Version: 9.8.4 Version: 9.8.4.3 Version: 9.8.4.7 Version: 9.8.4.8 Version: 9.8.4.10 Version: 9.8.4.12 Version: 9.8.4.15 Version: 9.8.4.17 Version: 9.8.2.45 Version: 9.8.4.25 Version: 9.8.4.20 Version: 9.8.4.22 Version: 9.8.4.26 Version: 9.8.4.29 Version: 9.8.4.32 Version: 9.8.4.33 Version: 9.8.4.34 Version: 9.8.4.35 Version: 9.8.4.39 Version: 9.8.4.40 Version: 9.8.4.41 Version: 9.8.4.43 Version: 9.8.4.44 Version: 9.8.4.45 Version: 9.8.4.46 Version: 9.8.4.48 Version: 9.12.1 Version: 9.12.1.2 Version: 9.12.1.3 Version: 9.12.2 Version: 9.12.2.4 Version: 9.12.2.5 Version: 9.12.2.9 Version: 9.12.3 Version: 9.12.3.2 Version: 9.12.3.7 Version: 9.12.4 Version: 9.12.3.12 Version: 9.12.3.9 Version: 9.12.2.1 Version: 9.12.4.2 Version: 9.12.4.4 Version: 9.12.4.7 Version: 9.12.4.10 Version: 9.12.4.13 Version: 9.12.4.8 Version: 9.12.4.18 Version: 9.12.4.24 Version: 9.12.4.26 Version: 9.12.4.29 Version: 9.12.4.30 Version: 9.12.4.35 Version: 9.12.4.37 Version: 9.12.4.38 Version: 9.12.4.39 Version: 9.12.4.40 Version: 9.12.4.41 Version: 9.12.4.47 Version: 9.12.4.48 Version: 9.12.4.50 Version: 9.12.4.52 Version: 9.12.4.54 Version: 9.12.4.55 Version: 9.12.4.56 Version: 9.12.4.58 Version: 9.12.4.62 Version: 9.12.4.65 Version: 9.12.4.67 Version: 9.14.1 Version: 9.14.1.10 Version: 9.14.1.6 Version: 9.14.1.15 Version: 9.14.1.19 Version: 9.14.1.30 Version: 9.14.2 Version: 9.14.2.4 Version: 9.14.2.8 Version: 9.14.2.13 Version: 9.14.2.15 Version: 9.14.3 Version: 9.14.3.1 Version: 9.14.3.9 Version: 9.14.3.11 Version: 9.14.3.13 Version: 9.14.3.18 Version: 9.14.3.15 Version: 9.14.4 Version: 9.14.4.6 Version: 9.14.4.7 Version: 9.14.4.12 Version: 9.14.4.13 Version: 9.14.4.14 Version: 9.14.4.15 Version: 9.14.4.17 Version: 9.14.4.22 Version: 9.14.4.23 Version: 9.14.4.24 Version: 9.16.1 Version: 9.16.1.28 Version: 9.16.2 Version: 9.16.2.3 Version: 9.16.2.7 Version: 9.16.2.11 Version: 9.16.2.13 Version: 9.16.2.14 Version: 9.16.3 Version: 9.16.3.3 Version: 9.16.3.14 Version: 9.16.3.15 Version: 9.16.3.19 Version: 9.16.3.23 Version: 9.16.4 Version: 9.16.4.9 Version: 9.16.4.14 Version: 9.16.4.18 Version: 9.16.4.19 Version: 9.16.4.27 Version: 9.16.4.38 Version: 9.16.4.39 Version: 9.16.4.42 Version: 9.16.4.48 Version: 9.16.4.55 Version: 9.16.4.57 Version: 9.16.4.61 Version: 9.16.4.62 Version: 9.16.4.67 Version: 9.16.4.70 Version: 9.16.4.71 Version: 9.16.4.76 Version: 9.16.4.82 Version: 9.17.1 Version: 9.17.1.7 Version: 9.17.1.9 Version: 9.17.1.10 Version: 9.17.1.11 Version: 9.17.1.13 Version: 9.17.1.15 Version: 9.17.1.20 Version: 9.17.1.30 Version: 9.17.1.33 Version: 9.17.1.39 Version: 9.17.1.45 Version: 9.17.1.46 Version: 9.18.1 Version: 9.18.1.3 Version: 9.18.2 Version: 9.18.2.5 Version: 9.18.2.7 Version: 9.18.2.8 Version: 9.18.3 Version: 9.18.3.39 Version: 9.18.3.46 Version: 9.18.3.53 Version: 9.18.3.55 Version: 9.18.3.56 Version: 9.18.4 Version: 9.18.4.5 Version: 9.18.4.8 Version: 9.18.4.22 Version: 9.18.4.24 Version: 9.18.4.29 Version: 9.18.4.34 Version: 9.18.4.40 Version: 9.18.4.47 Version: 9.18.4.50 Version: 9.18.4.52 Version: 9.18.4.53 Version: 9.19.1 Version: 9.19.1.5 Version: 9.19.1.9 Version: 9.19.1.12 Version: 9.19.1.18 Version: 9.19.1.22 Version: 9.19.1.24 Version: 9.19.1.27 Version: 9.19.1.28 Version: 9.19.1.31 Version: 9.19.1.37 Version: 9.19.1.38 Version: 9.20.1 Version: 9.20.1.5 Version: 9.20.2 Version: 9.20.2.10 Version: 9.20.2.21 Version: 9.20.2.22 Version: 9.20.3 Version: 9.20.3.4 Version: 9.20.3.7 Version: 9.20.3.9 Version: 9.20.3.10 Version: 9.20.3.13 Version: 9.22.1.1 Version: 9.22.1.3 Version: 9.22.1.2 Version: 9.22.1.6 Version: 9.23.1 |
||||||
|
|||||||||
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CVE-2025-53192 (GCVE-0-2025-53192)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-08-18 20:09
Modified
2025-08-18 20:29
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-146 - Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters
Summary
** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Improper Neutralization of Expression/Command Delimiters vulnerability in Apache Commons OGNL.
This issue affects Apache Commons OGNL: all versions.
When using the API Ognl.getValue, the OGNL engine parses and evaluates the provided expression with powerful capabilities, including accessing and invoking related methods,
etc. Although OgnlRuntime attempts to restrict certain dangerous classes and methods (such as java.lang.Runtime) through a blocklist, these restrictions are not comprehensive.
Attackers may be able to bypass the restrictions by leveraging class objects that are not covered by the blocklist and potentially achieve arbitrary code execution.
As this project is retired, we do not plan to release a version that fixes this issue. Users are recommended to find an alternative or restrict access to the instance to trusted users.
NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/2gj8tjl6vz949nnp3yxz3okm9xz2k7sp | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Commons OGNL |
Version: 0 ≤ |
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Mitigation
Phases:
Description:
- Developers should anticipate that inter-expression and inter-command delimiters will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their product. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation ID: MIT-28
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Description:
- While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Mitigation ID: MIT-20
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-6: Argument Injection
An attacker changes the behavior or state of a targeted application through injecting data or command syntax through the targets use of non-validated and non-filtered arguments of exposed services or methods.