CWE-140
Improper Neutralization of Delimiters
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes delimiters.
CVE-2025-32918 (GCVE-0-2025-32918)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-04 08:12
Modified
2025-07-08 14:20
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-140 - Improper Neutralization of Delimiters
Summary
Improper neutralization of Livestatus command delimiters in autocomplete endpoint within the RestAPI of Checkmk versions <2.4.0p6, <2.3.0p35, <2.2.0p44, and 2.1.0 (EOL) allows an authenticated user to inject arbitrary Livestatus commands.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://checkmk.com/werk/17987 |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Checkmk GmbH | Checkmk |
Version: 2.4.0 ≤ Version: 2.3.0 ≤ Version: 2.2.0 ≤ Version: 2.1.0 ≤ |
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-32918",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-07-08T14:20:18.330549Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-08T14:20:25.426Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Checkmk",
"vendor": "Checkmk GmbH",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "2.4.0p6",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.4.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "2.3.0p35",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.3.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "2.2.0p44",
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.2.0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "2.1.0",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "reporter",
"value": "PS Positive Security GmbH"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Improper neutralization of Livestatus command delimiters in autocomplete endpoint within the RestAPI of Checkmk versions \u003c2.4.0p6, \u003c2.3.0p35, \u003c2.2.0p44, and 2.1.0 (EOL) allows an authenticated user to inject arbitrary Livestatus commands."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-15",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"baseScore": 5.3,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"version": "4.0"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-140",
"description": "CWE-140: Improper Neutralization of Delimiters",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-04T08:12:21.950Z",
"orgId": "f7d6281c-4801-44ce-ace2-493291dedb0f",
"shortName": "Checkmk"
},
"references": [
{
"url": "https://checkmk.com/werk/17987"
}
],
"title": "Livestatus injection in autocomplete endpoint"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "f7d6281c-4801-44ce-ace2-493291dedb0f",
"assignerShortName": "Checkmk",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-32918",
"datePublished": "2025-07-04T08:12:21.950Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-04-14T09:52:19.273Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-08T14:20:25.426Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
CVE-2025-52989 (GCVE-0-2025-52989)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-11 15:10
Modified
2025-09-24 08:03
Severity ?
5.1 (Medium) - CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L
6.8 (Medium) - CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/R:U/RE:M
6.8 (Medium) - CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/R:U/RE:M
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-140 - Improper Neutralization of Delimiters
Summary
An Improper Neutralization of Delimiters vulnerability in the UI of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a local, authenticated attacker with high privileges to modify the system configuration.
A user with limited configuration and commit permissions, using a specifically crafted annotate configuration command, can change any part of the device configuration.
This issue affects:
Junos OS:
* all versions before 22.2R3-S7,
* 22.4 versions before 22.4R3-S7,
* 23.2 versions before 23.2R2-S4,
* 23.4 versions before 23.4R2-S4,
* 24.2 versions before 24.2R2-S1,
* 24.4 versions before 24.4R1-S2, 24.4R2;
Junos OS Evolved:
* all versions before 22.4R3-S7-EVO,
* 23.2-EVO versions before 23.2R2-S4-EVO,
* 23.4-EVO versions before 23.4R2-S5-EVO,
* 24.2-EVO versions before 24.2R2-S1-EVO
* 24.4-EVO versions before 24.4R2-EVO.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA100096 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ▼ | Juniper Networks | Junos OS |
Version: 0 ≤ Version: 22.4 ≤ Version: 23.2 ≤ Version: 23.4 ≤ Version: 24.2 ≤ Version: 24.4 ≤ |
||||||
|
|||||||||
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-52989",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-07-11T16:04:20.634737Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-07-15T19:55:03.872Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Junos OS",
"vendor": "Juniper Networks",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "22.2R3-S7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "22.4R3-S7",
"status": "affected",
"version": "22.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "23.2R2-S4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "23.2",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "23.4R2-S4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "23.4",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "24.2R2-S1",
"status": "affected",
"version": "24.2",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "24.4R1-S2, 24.4R2",
"status": "affected",
"version": "24.4",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
},
{
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "Junos OS Evolved",
"vendor": "Juniper Networks",
"versions": [
{
"lessThan": "22.4R3-S7-EVO",
"status": "affected",
"version": "0",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "23.2R2-S4-EVO",
"status": "affected",
"version": "23.2-EVO",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "23.4R2-S5-EVO",
"status": "affected",
"version": "23.4-EVO",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "24.2R2-S1-EVO",
"status": "affected",
"version": "24.2-EVO",
"versionType": "semver"
},
{
"lessThan": "24.4R2-EVO",
"status": "affected",
"version": "24.4-EVO",
"versionType": "semver"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Vincent Szurma (vszurma) \u2013 Independent IT and Security Consultant"
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-07-09T16:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "An Improper Neutralization of Delimiters vulnerability in the UI of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a local, authenticated attacker with high privileges to modify the system configuration.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA user with limited configuration and commit permissions, using a specifically crafted annotate configuration command,\u0026nbsp;can change any part of the device configuration.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis issue affects:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Junos OS:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eall versions before 22.2R3-S7,\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e22.4 versions before 22.4R3-S7,\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e23.2 versions before 23.2R2-S4,\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e23.4 versions before 23.4R2-S4,\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e24.2 versions before 24.2R2-S1,\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e24.4 versions before 24.4R1-S2, 24.4R2;\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eJunos OS Evolved:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eall versions before 22.4R3-S7-EVO,\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e23.2-EVO versions before 23.2R2-S4-EVO,\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e23.4-EVO versions before 23.4R2-S5-EVO,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003e24.2-EVO versions before 24.2R2-S1-EVO\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e24.4-EVO versions before 24.4R2-EVO.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "An Improper Neutralization of Delimiters vulnerability in the UI of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows a local, authenticated attacker with high privileges to modify the system configuration.\n\n\n\nA user with limited configuration and commit permissions, using a specifically crafted annotate configuration command,\u00a0can change any part of the device configuration.\n\n\n\n\nThis issue affects:\n\n\u00a0Junos OS:\u00a0\n\n\n\n * all versions before 22.2R3-S7,\n * 22.4 versions before 22.4R3-S7,\n * 23.2 versions before 23.2R2-S4,\n * 23.4 versions before 23.4R2-S4,\n * 24.2 versions before 24.2R2-S1,\n * 24.4 versions before 24.4R1-S2, 24.4R2;\n\n\n\n\nJunos OS Evolved:\n\n\n\n * all versions before 22.4R3-S7-EVO,\n * 23.2-EVO versions before 23.2R2-S4-EVO,\n * 23.4-EVO versions before 23.4R2-S5-EVO,\u00a0\n * 24.2-EVO versions before 24.2R2-S1-EVO\n\n\n\n * 24.4-EVO versions before 24.4R2-EVO."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Juniper SIRT is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this vulnerability."
}
],
"value": "Juniper SIRT is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this vulnerability."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 5.1,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
},
{
"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NOT_DEFINED",
"Recovery": "USER",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "NONE",
"attackVector": "LOCAL",
"baseScore": 6.8,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"privilegesRequired": "HIGH",
"providerUrgency": "NOT_DEFINED",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"valueDensity": "NOT_DEFINED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/R:U/RE:M",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "MODERATE"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-140",
"description": "CWE-140 Improper Neutralization of Delimiters",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-24T08:03:12.314Z",
"orgId": "8cbe9d5a-a066-4c94-8978-4b15efeae968",
"shortName": "juniper"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA100096"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "The following software releases have been updated to resolve this specific issue:\u003cbr\u003eJunos OS Evolved: 22.4R3-S7-EVO, 23.2R2-S4-EVO, 23.4R2-S5-EVO, 24.2R2-S1-EVO, 24.4R2-EVO, 25.2R1-EVO;\u003cbr\u003eJunos OS: 22.2R3-S7, 22.4R3-S7, 23.2R2-S4, 23.4R2-S4, 24.2R2-S1, 24.4R1-S2, 24.4R2, 25.2R1, and all subsequent releases."
}
],
"value": "The following software releases have been updated to resolve this specific issue:\nJunos OS Evolved: 22.4R3-S7-EVO, 23.2R2-S4-EVO, 23.4R2-S5-EVO, 24.2R2-S1-EVO, 24.4R2-EVO, 25.2R1-EVO;\nJunos OS: 22.2R3-S7, 22.4R3-S7, 23.2R2-S4, 23.4R2-S4, 24.2R2-S1, 24.4R1-S2, 24.4R2, 25.2R1, and all subsequent releases."
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "JSA100096",
"defect": [
"1860340"
],
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"title": "Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved: Annotate configuration command can be used to change the configuration",
"workarounds": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cp\u003eThere are no known workarounds for this issue.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo reduce the risk of exploitation use access lists or firewall filters to limit access to the CLI only from trusted hosts and administrators.\u003c/p\u003e"
}
],
"value": "There are no known workarounds for this issue.\n\n\nTo reduce the risk of exploitation use access lists or firewall filters to limit access to the CLI only from trusted hosts and administrators."
}
],
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.1.0-dev"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "8cbe9d5a-a066-4c94-8978-4b15efeae968",
"assignerShortName": "juniper",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-52989",
"datePublished": "2025-07-11T15:10:47.204Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-06-23T18:23:44.546Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-09-24T08:03:12.314Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Developers should anticipate that delimiters will be injected/removed/manipulated in the input vectors of their product. Use an appropriate combination of denylists and allowlists to ensure only valid, expected and appropriate input is processed by the system.
Mitigation ID: MIT-5
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation ID: MIT-28
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
Description:
- While it is risky to use dynamically-generated query strings, code, or commands that mix control and data together, sometimes it may be unavoidable. Properly quote arguments and escape any special characters within those arguments. The most conservative approach is to escape or filter all characters that do not pass an extremely strict allowlist (such as everything that is not alphanumeric or white space). If some special characters are still needed, such as white space, wrap each argument in quotes after the escaping/filtering step. Be careful of argument injection (CWE-88).
Mitigation ID: MIT-20
Phase: Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
Description:
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.