CWE-116
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
CVE-2024-38177 (GCVE-0-2024-38177)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-08-13 17:30
Modified
2025-07-10 16:33
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Summary
Windows App Installer Spoofing Vulnerability
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-38177 | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | App Installer |
Version: 1.0.0.0 < 1.22.11261.0 |
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CVE-2024-38475 (GCVE-0-2024-38475)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-07-01 18:15
Modified
2025-07-30 01:36
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Summary
Improper escaping of output in mod_rewrite in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.59 and earlier allows an attacker to map URLs to filesystem locations that are permitted to be served by the server but are not intentionally/directly reachable by any URL, resulting in code execution or source code disclosure.
Substitutions in server context that use a backreferences or variables as the first segment of the substitution are affected. Some unsafe RewiteRules will be broken by this change and the rewrite flag "UnsafePrefixStat" can be used to opt back in once ensuring the substitution is appropriately constrained.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache HTTP Server |
Version: 2.4.0 ≤ 2.4.59 |
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CVE-2024-58266 (GCVE-0-2024-58266)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-27 00:00
Modified
2025-07-28 15:03
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Summary
The shlex crate before 1.2.1 for Rust allows unquoted and unescaped instances of the { and \xa0 characters, which may facilitate command injection.
References
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CVE-2024-9427 (GCVE-0-2024-9427)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2024-12-24 03:25
Modified
2025-08-30 21:00
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Summary
A vulnerability in Koji was found. An unsanitized input allows for an XSS attack. Javascript code from a malicious link could be reflected in the resulting web page. It is not expected to be able to submit an action or make a change in Koji due to existing XSS protections in the code
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-9427 | vdb-entry, x_refsource_REDHAT | |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2316047 | issue-tracking, x_refsource_REDHAT |
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CVE-2025-25029 (GCVE-0-2025-25029)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-05-28 01:12
Modified
2025-08-28 14:11
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Summary
IBM Security Guardium 12.0 could allow a privileged user to download any file on the system due to improper escaping of input.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7234827 | vendor-advisory, patch |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | Security Guardium |
Version: 12.0 cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_guardium:12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2025-31651 (GCVE-0-2025-31651)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-04-28 19:17
Modified
2025-08-08 11:49
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Summary
Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible
for a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those
rewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those
constraints could be bypassed.
This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102.
The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are
known to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions
may also be affected.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Tomcat |
Version: 11.0.0-M1 ≤ 11.0.5 Version: 10.1.0-M1 ≤ 10.1.39 Version: 9.0.0.M1 ≤ 9.0.102 Version: 8.5.0 ≤ 8.5.100 |
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CVE-2025-32074 (GCVE-0-2025-32074)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-04-11 16:22
Modified
2025-07-07 14:29
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Summary
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - Confirm Account Extension allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).This issue affects Mediawiki - Confirm Account Extension: from 1.39 through 1.43.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Wikimedia Foundation | Mediawiki - Confirm Account Extension |
Version: 1.39 ≤ 1.43 |
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CVE-2025-34141 (GCVE-0-2025-34141)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-07-22 12:35
Modified
2025-07-22 13:21
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
Summary
A reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in ETQ Reliance CG (legacy) platform within the `SQLConverterServlet` component. This vulnerability requires user interaction, such as clicking a crafted link, and may result in execution of unauthorized scripts in the user's context. The affected servlet was unnecessarily exposed to authenticated users and has since been disabled in version SE.2025.1.
References
| ▼ | URL | Tags |
|---|---|---|
| https://www.etq.com/product-overview/ | product | |
| https://www.etq.com/blog/etq-reliance-security-update/ | vendor-advisory, patch | |
| https://slcyber.io/assetnote-security-research-center/how-we-accidentally-discovered-a-remote-code-execution-vulnerability-in-etq-reliance/ | technical-description |
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ETQ | Reliance CG (legacy) |
Version: * < SE.2025.1 |
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CVE-2025-46703 (GCVE-0-2025-46703)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-09-19 13:09
Modified
2025-09-19 14:04
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Summary
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Hallo Welt! GmbH BlueSpice (Extension:AtMentions) allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).
This issue affects BlueSpice: from 5 through 5.1.1.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hallo Welt! GmbH | BlueSpice |
Version: 5 ≤ 5.1.1 |
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CVE-2025-48007 (GCVE-0-2025-48007)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5
Published
2025-09-19 13:09
Modified
2025-09-19 14:03
Severity ?
VLAI Severity ?
EPSS score ?
CWE
- CWE-116 - Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output
Summary
Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output vulnerability in Hallo Welt! GmbH BlueSpice (Extension:BlueSpiceAvatars) allows Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).
This issue affects BlueSpice: from 5 through 5.1.1.
References
Impacted products
| Vendor | Product | Version | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hallo Welt! GmbH | BlueSpice |
Version: 5 ≤ 5.1.1 |
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Mitigation ID: MIT-4.3
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Description:
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using the ESAPI Encoding control [REF-45] or a similar tool, library, or framework. These will help the programmer encode outputs in a manner less prone to error.
- Alternately, use built-in functions, but consider using wrappers in case those functions are discovered to have a vulnerability.
Mitigation ID: MIT-27
Phase: Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
Description:
- If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
- For example, stored procedures can enforce database query structure and reduce the likelihood of SQL injection.
Mitigation
Phases: Architecture and Design, Implementation
Description:
- Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- In some cases, input validation may be an important strategy when output encoding is not a complete solution. For example, you may be providing the same output that will be processed by multiple consumers that use different encodings or representations. In other cases, you may be required to allow user-supplied input to contain control information, such as limited HTML tags that support formatting in a wiki or bulletin board. When this type of requirement must be met, use an extremely strict allowlist to limit which control sequences can be used. Verify that the resulting syntactic structure is what you expect. Use your normal encoding methods for the remainder of the input.
Mitigation
Phase: Architecture and Design
Description:
- Use input validation as a defense-in-depth measure to reduce the likelihood of output encoding errors (see CWE-20).
Mitigation
Phase: Requirements
Description:
- Fully specify which encodings are required by components that will be communicating with each other.
Mitigation
Phase: Implementation
Description:
- When exchanging data between components, ensure that both components are using the same character encoding. Ensure that the proper encoding is applied at each interface. Explicitly set the encoding you are using whenever the protocol allows you to do so.
CAPEC-104: Cross Zone Scripting
An attacker is able to cause a victim to load content into their web-browser that bypasses security zone controls and gain access to increased privileges to execute scripting code or other web objects such as unsigned ActiveX controls or applets. This is a privilege elevation attack targeted at zone-based web-browser security.
CAPEC-73: User-Controlled Filename
An attack of this type involves an adversary inserting malicious characters (such as a XSS redirection) into a filename, directly or indirectly that is then used by the target software to generate HTML text or other potentially executable content. Many websites rely on user-generated content and dynamically build resources like files, filenames, and URL links directly from user supplied data. In this attack pattern, the attacker uploads code that can execute in the client browser and/or redirect the client browser to a site that the attacker owns. All XSS attack payload variants can be used to pass and exploit these vulnerabilities.
CAPEC-81: Web Server Logs Tampering
Web Logs Tampering attacks involve an attacker injecting, deleting or otherwise tampering with the contents of web logs typically for the purposes of masking other malicious behavior. Additionally, writing malicious data to log files may target jobs, filters, reports, and other agents that process the logs in an asynchronous attack pattern. This pattern of attack is similar to "Log Injection-Tampering-Forging" except that in this case, the attack is targeting the logs of the web server and not the application.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.