CWE-693

Protection Mechanism Failure

The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.

CVE-2026-44003 (GCVE-0-2026-44003)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-13 17:30 – Updated: 2026-05-13 18:41
VLAI
Title
vm2: Transformer Fast-Path Bypass Exposes Internal State Variable
Summary
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, vm2's code transformer has a performance optimization that skips AST analysis when the code does not contain catch, import, or async keywords. This fast-path bypass allows sandboxed code to directly access the internal VM2_INTERNAL_STATE_DO_NOT_USE_OR_PROGRAM_WILL_FAIL variable, which exposes internal security functions (handleException, wrapWith, import). This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
patriksimek vm2 Affected: < 3.11.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-44071 (GCVE-0-2026-44071)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-21 08:14 – Updated: 2026-05-21 12:08
VLAI
Title
FORTIFY_SOURCE disabled
Summary
Netatalk 3.1.2 through 4.4.2 is compiled without FORTIFY_SOURCE, which disables built-in buffer overflow detection at runtime, potentially allowing a remote attacker to cause a minor denial of service via memory errors that would otherwise be caught and safely terminated by runtime protection.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Netatalk Netatalk Affected: 3.1.2 , ≤ 4.4.2 (semver)
Unaffected: 4.5.0 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-13 00:00
Credits
Arjun Basnet from Securin
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-44451 (GCVE-0-2026-44451)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-26 19:58 – Updated: 2026-05-27 17:26
VLAI
Title
Lumiverse: TSX component sandbox escape via DOM ref and string-split identifier bypass
Summary
Lumiverse is a full-featured AI chat application. Prior to 0.9.7, the component override system transpiles user-supplied TSX via Sucrase and evaluates it with new Function, shadowing dangerous globals (fetch, window, eval, etc.) with undefined. A static source validator (validateComponentOverrideSource) additionally blocks these identifiers by word-boundary regex. Both controls are bypassed. String-split bypass of the static validator: any blocked identifier can be reconstructed at runtime from string fragments ('ownerDoc' + 'ument'). DOM ref escape from the sandbox: useRef and useEffect are provided in scope. A ref attached to a rendered element gives a live DOM node. From any real DOM node, node['ownerDoc'+'ument']['def'+'aultView'] yields the real window, bypassing all identifier shadows. Theme packs (.lumitheme / .lumiverse-theme) are the shareable delivery mechanism. A malicious pack is an exploit path: the victim imports the file, enables one component override in the Theme Editor, and the payload fires in their authenticated session.This vulnerability is fixed in 0.9.7.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
prolix-oc Lumiverse Affected: < 0.9.7
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-45102 (GCVE-0-2026-45102)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-27 18:50 – Updated: 2026-05-30 01:44
VLAI
Title
OneUptime: RCE due to Node.js' vm module escape via error objects and infinite recursion
Summary
OneUptime is an open-source monitoring and observability platform. Prior to 10.0.98, OneUptime uses the Node.js' vm module as an isolation primitive. This API was not designed for that and can be escaped via error objects and infinite recursion. This vulnerability is fixed in 10.0.98.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
OneUptime oneuptime Affected: < 10.0.98
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-45227 (GCVE-0-2026-45227)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-12 21:18 – Updated: 2026-05-14 12:33 X_Open Source
VLAI
Title
Heym < 0.0.21 Sandbox Escape via Python Introspection
Summary
Heym before 0.0.21 contains a sandbox escape vulnerability in the custom Python tool executor that allows authenticated workflow authors to bypass sandbox restrictions by using object-graph introspection primitives. Attackers can use Python introspection techniques to recover the unrestricted __import__ function, import blocked modules such as os and subprocess, and access inherited backend environment variables containing database credentials and encryption keys to execute arbitrary host commands as the backend service user.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
heymrun heym Affected: 0 , < 0.0.21 (semver)
Unaffected: 32b7e809d987d9b018ec8daa2cdaf48f627f26f1 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-05-09 00:00
Credits
Chia Min Jun Lennon
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-45459 (GCVE-0-2026-45459)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:05 – Updated: 2026-06-10 17:54
VLAI
Title
Microsoft Excel Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Protection mechanism failure in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-45588 (GCVE-0-2026-45588)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:05 – Updated: 2026-06-10 17:53
VLAI
Title
Secure Boot Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Protection mechanism failure in Windows Secure Boot allows an authorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8655 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8655 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5256 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-45595 (GCVE-0-2026-45595)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:05 – Updated: 2026-06-10 17:54
VLAI
Title
Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Protection mechanism failure in Windows Mark of the Web (MOTW) allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7417 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8655 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8655 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
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Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5256 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-45655 (GCVE-0-2026-45655)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:04 – Updated: 2026-06-10 17:53
VLAI
Title
Windows BitLocker Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Protection mechanism failure in Windows BitLocker allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature with a physical attack.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8655 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8655 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 26H1 Affected: 1.0.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5256 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-45656 (GCVE-0-2026-45656)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-09 17:04 – Updated: 2026-06-10 17:53
VLAI
Title
UEFI Secure Boot Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Summary
Protection mechanism failure in Windows UEFI allows an authorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
  • CWE-693 - Protection Mechanism Failure
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1607 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 21H2 Affected: 10.0.19044.0 , < 10.0.19044.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 10 Version 22H2 Affected: 10.0.19045.0 , < 10.0.19045.7417 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 23H2 Affected: 10.0.22631.0 , < 10.0.22631.7219 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.8655 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 Affected: 10.0.26200.0 , < 10.0.26200.8655 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 version 26H1 Affected: 10.0.28000.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows 11 Version 26H1 Affected: 1.0.0 , < 10.0.28000.2269 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.2.9200.0 , < 6.2.9200.26132 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) Affected: 6.3.9600.0 , < 6.3.9600.23228 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.14393.0 , < 10.0.14393.9234 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.17763.0 , < 10.0.17763.8880 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 Affected: 10.0.20348.0 , < 10.0.20348.5256 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Microsoft Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) Affected: 10.0.26100.0 , < 10.0.26100.32995 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-09 14:00
Show details on NVD website

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No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing

Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.

CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing

An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.

CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.

CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing

An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language

The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.

CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality

An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.

CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content

An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.

CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization

An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.

CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry

SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.

CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data

This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.

CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction

This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.

CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code

An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.

CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)

An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.

CAPEC-74: Manipulating State

['The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.', 'State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.', 'If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.']

CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing

An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.

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