CVE-2025-38721 (GCVE-0-2025-38721)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-04 15:33 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:05
VLAI
Title
netfilter: ctnetlink: fix refcount leak on table dump
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ctnetlink: fix refcount leak on table dump There is a reference count leak in ctnetlink_dump_table(): if (res < 0) { nf_conntrack_get(&ct->ct_general); // HERE cb->args[1] = (unsigned long)ct; ... While its very unlikely, its possible that ct == last. If this happens, then the refcount of ct was already incremented. This 2nd increment is never undone. This prevents the conntrack object from being released, which in turn keeps prevents cnet->count from dropping back to 0. This will then block the netns dismantle (or conntrack rmmod) as nf_conntrack_cleanup_net_list() will wait forever. This can be reproduced by running conntrack_resize.sh selftest in a loop. It takes ~20 minutes for me on a preemptible kernel on average before I see a runaway kworker spinning in nf_conntrack_cleanup_net_list. One fix would to change this to: if (res < 0) { if (ct != last) nf_conntrack_get(&ct->ct_general); But this reference counting isn't needed in the first place. We can just store a cookie value instead. A followup patch will do the same for ctnetlink_exp_dump_table, it looks to me as if this has the same problem and like ctnetlink_dump_table, we only need a 'skip hint', not the actual object so we can apply the same cookie strategy there as well.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4 , < 586892e341fbf698e7cbaca293e1353957db725a (git)
Affected: d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4 , < 962518c6ca9f9a13df099cafa429f72f68ad61f0 (git)
Affected: d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4 , < 19b909a4b1452fb97e477d2f08b97f8d04095619 (git)
Affected: d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4 , < 41462f4cfc583513833f87f9ee55d12da651a7e3 (git)
Affected: d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4 , < 30cf811058552b8cd0e98dff677ef3f89d6d34ce (git)
Affected: d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4 , < a2cb4df7872de069f809de2f076ec8e54d649fe3 (git)
Affected: d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4 , < e14f72aa66c029db106921d621edcedef68e065b (git)
Affected: d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4 , < a62d6aa3f31f216b637a4c71b7a8bfc7c57f049b (git)
Affected: d205dc40798d97d63ad348bfaf7394f445d152d4 , < de788b2e6227462b6dcd0e07474e72c089008f74 (git)
Create a notification for this product.
Linux Linux Affected: 2.6.18
Unaffected: 0 , < 2.6.18 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.4.297 , ≤ 5.4.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.10.241 , ≤ 5.10.* (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.190 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.149 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.103 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.43 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.11 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16.2 , ≤ 6.16.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.17 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
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    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38721\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-09-04T16:15:41.843\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-05-12T13:17:02.250\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Modified\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nnetfilter: ctnetlink: fix refcount leak on table dump\\n\\nThere is a reference count leak in ctnetlink_dump_table():\\n      if (res \u003c 0) {\\n                nf_conntrack_get(\u0026ct-\u003ect_general); // HERE\\n                cb-\u003eargs[1] = (unsigned long)ct;\\n                ...\\n\\nWhile its very unlikely, its possible that ct == last.\\nIf this happens, then the refcount of ct was already incremented.\\nThis 2nd increment is never undone.\\n\\nThis prevents the conntrack object from being released, which in turn\\nkeeps prevents cnet-\u003ecount from dropping back to 0.\\n\\nThis will then block the netns dismantle (or conntrack rmmod) as\\nnf_conntrack_cleanup_net_list() will wait forever.\\n\\nThis can be reproduced by running conntrack_resize.sh selftest in a loop.\\nIt takes ~20 minutes for me on a preemptible kernel on average before\\nI see a runaway kworker spinning in nf_conntrack_cleanup_net_list.\\n\\nOne fix would to change this to:\\n        if (res \u003c 0) {\\n\\t\\tif (ct != last)\\n\\t                nf_conntrack_get(\u0026ct-\u003ect_general);\\n\\nBut this reference counting isn\u0027t needed in the first place.\\nWe can just store a cookie value instead.\\n\\nA followup patch will do the same for ctnetlink_exp_dump_table,\\nit looks to me as if this has the same problem and like\\nctnetlink_dump_table, we only need a \u0027skip hint\u0027, not the actual\\nobject so we can apply the same cookie strategy there as well.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":5.5,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"LOW\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.8,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"NVD-CWE-Other\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"2.6.19\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.4.297\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"0706A31F-1839-40E9-B535-49B47368E988\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.5\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.10.241\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"D0D21C35-EB8A-488A-BBF9-403E4817E5DD\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.11\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"5.15.190\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"AD9E597F-3DDE-4D7E-976C-463D0611F13F\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"5.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.1.149\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"FDBE8280-8983-4D2D-943D-2E6D0104E2D8\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.2\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.6.103\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F2293654-7169-49B5-8D0D-EE51EF8B8E48\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.7\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.43\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"472C5F87-2BF3-4FAB-9B21-DA7513977363\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.15.11\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"BC242347-F722-43AE-B910-BE0B22386977\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.16\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.16.2\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"BD7C087D-2415-4521-B624-30003352F899\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.18:-:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"27C7E25A-EC60-460D-8662-016437F7C0FB\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.18:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"F2975DF7-F916-456C-BF7C-2694559E5282\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.18:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"6D156EFF-D2E5-4F42-B6E7-954DE6CD90B4\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.18:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"784EB96E-2FD3-4F77-8DB6-4D6C7A928946\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.17:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"327D22EF-390B-454C-BD31-2ED23C998A1C\"}]}]},{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"FA6FEEC2-9F11-4643-8827-749718254FED\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19b909a4b1452fb97e477d2f08b97f8d04095619\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/30cf811058552b8cd0e98dff677ef3f89d6d34ce\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/41462f4cfc583513833f87f9ee55d12da651a7e3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/586892e341fbf698e7cbaca293e1353957db725a\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/962518c6ca9f9a13df099cafa429f72f68ad61f0\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2cb4df7872de069f809de2f076ec8e54d649fe3\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a62d6aa3f31f216b637a4c71b7a8bfc7c57f049b\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/de788b2e6227462b6dcd0e07474e72c089008f74\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e14f72aa66c029db106921d621edcedef68e065b\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html\",\"source\":\"af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108\",\"tags\":[\"Mailing List\",\"Third Party Advisory\"]},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-032379.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"},{\"url\":\"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-082556.html\",\"source\":\"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e\"}]}}"
  }
}


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Taxonomy of the tags.




Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

Author Source Type Date Other

Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.