CVE-2025-38232 (GCVE-0-2025-38232)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-04 13:37 – Updated: 2026-05-23 15:59
VLAI
Title
NFSD: fix race between nfsd registration and exports_proc
Summary
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: NFSD: fix race between nfsd registration and exports_proc As of now nfsd calls create_proc_exports_entry() at start of init_nfsd and cleanup by remove_proc_entry() at last of exit_nfsd. Which causes kernel OOPs if there is race between below 2 operations: (i) exportfs -r (ii) mount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd for 5.4 kernel ARM64: CPU 1: el1_irq+0xbc/0x180 arch_counter_get_cntvct+0x14/0x18 running_clock+0xc/0x18 preempt_count_add+0x88/0x110 prep_new_page+0xb0/0x220 get_page_from_freelist+0x2d8/0x1778 __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x15c/0xef0 __vmalloc_node_range+0x28c/0x478 __vmalloc_node_flags_caller+0x8c/0xb0 kvmalloc_node+0x88/0xe0 nfsd_init_net+0x6c/0x108 [nfsd] ops_init+0x44/0x170 register_pernet_operations+0x114/0x270 register_pernet_subsys+0x34/0x50 init_nfsd+0xa8/0x718 [nfsd] do_one_initcall+0x54/0x2e0 CPU 2 : Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000010 PC is at : exports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd] Call trace: exports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd] exports_proc_open+0x2c/0x38 [nfsd] proc_reg_open+0xb8/0x198 do_dentry_open+0x1c4/0x418 vfs_open+0x38/0x48 path_openat+0x28c/0xf18 do_filp_open+0x70/0xe8 do_sys_open+0x154/0x248 Sometimes it crashes at exports_net_open() and sometimes cache_seq_next_rcu(). and same is happening on latest 6.14 kernel as well: [ 0.000000] Linux version 6.14.0-rc5-next-20250304-dirty ... [ 285.455918] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 00001f4800001f48 ... [ 285.464902] pc : cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4 ... [ 285.469695] Call trace: [ 285.470083] cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4 (P) [ 285.470488] seq_read+0xe0/0x11c [ 285.470675] proc_reg_read+0x9c/0xf0 [ 285.470874] vfs_read+0xc4/0x2fc [ 285.471057] ksys_read+0x6c/0xf4 [ 285.471231] __arm64_sys_read+0x1c/0x28 [ 285.471428] invoke_syscall+0x44/0x100 [ 285.471633] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0 [ 285.471870] do_el0_svc_compat+0x1c/0x34 [ 285.472073] el0_svc_compat+0x2c/0x80 [ 285.472265] el0t_32_sync_handler+0x90/0x140 [ 285.472473] el0t_32_sync+0x19c/0x1a0 [ 285.472887] Code: f9400885 93407c23 937d7c27 11000421 (f86378a3) [ 285.473422] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- It reproduced simply with below script: while [ 1 ] do /exportfs -r done & while [ 1 ] do insmod /nfsd.ko mount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd umount /proc/fs/nfsd rmmod nfsd done & So exporting interfaces to user space shall be done at last and cleanup at first place. With change there is no Kernel OOPs.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Linux Linux Affected: bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 , < 49b57b98fa601ae6cc7897bab4515129da8290f7 (git)
Affected: bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 , < 88d6785c173a7c4de05bef8c4fd8a9b42ead02d5 (git)
Affected: bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 , < 8120e420013d947c890f358f30a2d98ba8ac20bc (git)
Affected: bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 , < 2029ca75cdfa6a25716a5a76b751486cce7e3822 (git)
Affected: bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 , < 327011a2bb4f7de9c72b891a96ce8d902828bddf (git)
Affected: bd5ae9288d6451bd346a1b4a59d4fe7e62ba29b7 , < f7fb730cac9aafda8b9813b55d04e28a9664d17c (git)
Affected: 8677e99150b0830d29cc1318b4cc559e176940bb (git)
Affected: 7c7cb07d4affcf41749234fe9dc4d90cd3959e32 (git)
Affected: 4d41f65efeec0a6da6088341203c81e49ebfcd90 (git)
Affected: 5.4.102 , < 5.5 (semver)
Affected: 5.10.20 , < 5.11 (semver)
Affected: 5.11.3 , < 5.12 (semver)
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Linux Linux Affected: 5.12
Unaffected: 0 , < 5.12 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.15.199 , ≤ 5.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.1.162 , ≤ 6.1.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.6.122 , ≤ 6.6.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.12.35 , ≤ 6.12.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.15.4 , ≤ 6.15.* (semver)
Unaffected: 6.16 , ≤ * (original_commit_for_fix)
Create a notification for this product.
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{
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          "programFiles": [
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          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
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          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
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      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nNFSD: fix race between nfsd registration and exports_proc\n\nAs of now nfsd calls create_proc_exports_entry() at start of init_nfsd\nand cleanup by remove_proc_entry() at last of exit_nfsd.\n\nWhich causes kernel OOPs if there is race between below 2 operations:\n(i) exportfs -r\n(ii) mount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd\n\nfor 5.4 kernel ARM64:\n\nCPU 1:\nel1_irq+0xbc/0x180\narch_counter_get_cntvct+0x14/0x18\nrunning_clock+0xc/0x18\npreempt_count_add+0x88/0x110\nprep_new_page+0xb0/0x220\nget_page_from_freelist+0x2d8/0x1778\n__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x15c/0xef0\n__vmalloc_node_range+0x28c/0x478\n__vmalloc_node_flags_caller+0x8c/0xb0\nkvmalloc_node+0x88/0xe0\nnfsd_init_net+0x6c/0x108 [nfsd]\nops_init+0x44/0x170\nregister_pernet_operations+0x114/0x270\nregister_pernet_subsys+0x34/0x50\ninit_nfsd+0xa8/0x718 [nfsd]\ndo_one_initcall+0x54/0x2e0\n\nCPU 2 :\nUnable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000010\n\nPC is at : exports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd]\n\nCall trace:\nexports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd]\nexports_proc_open+0x2c/0x38 [nfsd]\nproc_reg_open+0xb8/0x198\ndo_dentry_open+0x1c4/0x418\nvfs_open+0x38/0x48\npath_openat+0x28c/0xf18\ndo_filp_open+0x70/0xe8\ndo_sys_open+0x154/0x248\n\nSometimes it crashes at exports_net_open() and sometimes cache_seq_next_rcu().\n\nand same is happening on latest 6.14 kernel as well:\n\n[    0.000000] Linux version 6.14.0-rc5-next-20250304-dirty\n...\n[  285.455918] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 00001f4800001f48\n...\n[  285.464902] pc : cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4\n...\n[  285.469695] Call trace:\n[  285.470083]  cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4 (P)\n[  285.470488]  seq_read+0xe0/0x11c\n[  285.470675]  proc_reg_read+0x9c/0xf0\n[  285.470874]  vfs_read+0xc4/0x2fc\n[  285.471057]  ksys_read+0x6c/0xf4\n[  285.471231]  __arm64_sys_read+0x1c/0x28\n[  285.471428]  invoke_syscall+0x44/0x100\n[  285.471633]  el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0\n[  285.471870]  do_el0_svc_compat+0x1c/0x34\n[  285.472073]  el0_svc_compat+0x2c/0x80\n[  285.472265]  el0t_32_sync_handler+0x90/0x140\n[  285.472473]  el0t_32_sync+0x19c/0x1a0\n[  285.472887] Code: f9400885 93407c23 937d7c27 11000421 (f86378a3)\n[  285.473422] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\n\nIt reproduced simply with below script:\nwhile [ 1 ]\ndo\n/exportfs -r\ndone \u0026\n\nwhile [ 1 ]\ndo\ninsmod /nfsd.ko\nmount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd\numount /proc/fs/nfsd\nrmmod nfsd\ndone \u0026\n\nSo exporting interfaces to user space shall be done at last and\ncleanup at first place.\n\nWith change there is no Kernel OOPs."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T15:59:17.044Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/49b57b98fa601ae6cc7897bab4515129da8290f7"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88d6785c173a7c4de05bef8c4fd8a9b42ead02d5"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8120e420013d947c890f358f30a2d98ba8ac20bc"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2029ca75cdfa6a25716a5a76b751486cce7e3822"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/327011a2bb4f7de9c72b891a96ce8d902828bddf"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f7fb730cac9aafda8b9813b55d04e28a9664d17c"
        }
      ],
      "title": "NFSD: fix race between nfsd registration and exports_proc",
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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-38232",
    "datePublished": "2025-07-04T13:37:45.635Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T04:51:23.996Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-23T15:59:17.044Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2",
  "vulnerability-lookup:meta": {
    "epss": {
      "cve": "CVE-2025-38232",
      "date": "2026-05-25",
      "epss": "0.00022",
      "percentile": "0.06469"
    },
    "nvd": "{\"cve\":{\"id\":\"CVE-2025-38232\",\"sourceIdentifier\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"published\":\"2025-07-04T14:15:32.810\",\"lastModified\":\"2026-03-17T13:29:39.780\",\"vulnStatus\":\"Analyzed\",\"cveTags\":[],\"descriptions\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\\n\\nNFSD: fix race between nfsd registration and exports_proc\\n\\nAs of now nfsd calls create_proc_exports_entry() at start of init_nfsd\\nand cleanup by remove_proc_entry() at last of exit_nfsd.\\n\\nWhich causes kernel OOPs if there is race between below 2 operations:\\n(i) exportfs -r\\n(ii) mount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd\\n\\nfor 5.4 kernel ARM64:\\n\\nCPU 1:\\nel1_irq+0xbc/0x180\\narch_counter_get_cntvct+0x14/0x18\\nrunning_clock+0xc/0x18\\npreempt_count_add+0x88/0x110\\nprep_new_page+0xb0/0x220\\nget_page_from_freelist+0x2d8/0x1778\\n__alloc_pages_nodemask+0x15c/0xef0\\n__vmalloc_node_range+0x28c/0x478\\n__vmalloc_node_flags_caller+0x8c/0xb0\\nkvmalloc_node+0x88/0xe0\\nnfsd_init_net+0x6c/0x108 [nfsd]\\nops_init+0x44/0x170\\nregister_pernet_operations+0x114/0x270\\nregister_pernet_subsys+0x34/0x50\\ninit_nfsd+0xa8/0x718 [nfsd]\\ndo_one_initcall+0x54/0x2e0\\n\\nCPU 2 :\\nUnable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000010\\n\\nPC is at : exports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd]\\n\\nCall trace:\\nexports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd]\\nexports_proc_open+0x2c/0x38 [nfsd]\\nproc_reg_open+0xb8/0x198\\ndo_dentry_open+0x1c4/0x418\\nvfs_open+0x38/0x48\\npath_openat+0x28c/0xf18\\ndo_filp_open+0x70/0xe8\\ndo_sys_open+0x154/0x248\\n\\nSometimes it crashes at exports_net_open() and sometimes cache_seq_next_rcu().\\n\\nand same is happening on latest 6.14 kernel as well:\\n\\n[    0.000000] Linux version 6.14.0-rc5-next-20250304-dirty\\n...\\n[  285.455918] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 00001f4800001f48\\n...\\n[  285.464902] pc : cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4\\n...\\n[  285.469695] Call trace:\\n[  285.470083]  cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4 (P)\\n[  285.470488]  seq_read+0xe0/0x11c\\n[  285.470675]  proc_reg_read+0x9c/0xf0\\n[  285.470874]  vfs_read+0xc4/0x2fc\\n[  285.471057]  ksys_read+0x6c/0xf4\\n[  285.471231]  __arm64_sys_read+0x1c/0x28\\n[  285.471428]  invoke_syscall+0x44/0x100\\n[  285.471633]  el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0\\n[  285.471870]  do_el0_svc_compat+0x1c/0x34\\n[  285.472073]  el0_svc_compat+0x2c/0x80\\n[  285.472265]  el0t_32_sync_handler+0x90/0x140\\n[  285.472473]  el0t_32_sync+0x19c/0x1a0\\n[  285.472887] Code: f9400885 93407c23 937d7c27 11000421 (f86378a3)\\n[  285.473422] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---\\n\\nIt reproduced simply with below script:\\nwhile [ 1 ]\\ndo\\n/exportfs -r\\ndone \u0026\\n\\nwhile [ 1 ]\\ndo\\ninsmod /nfsd.ko\\nmount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd\\numount /proc/fs/nfsd\\nrmmod nfsd\\ndone \u0026\\n\\nSo exporting interfaces to user space shall be done at last and\\ncleanup at first place.\\n\\nWith change there is no Kernel OOPs.\"},{\"lang\":\"es\",\"value\":\"En el kernel de Linux, se ha resuelto la siguiente vulnerabilidad: NFSD: se corrige la ejecuci\u00f3n entre el registro de nfsd y exports_proc A partir de ahora, nfsd llama a create_proc_exports_entry() al inicio de init_nfsd y realiza una limpieza mediante remove_proc_entry() al final de exit_nfsd. Lo que provoca errores OOP del kernel si hay una ejecuci\u00f3n entre las siguientes 2 operaciones: (i) exportfs -r (ii) mount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd for 5.4 kernel ARM64: CPU 1: el1_irq+0xbc/0x180 arch_counter_get_cntvct+0x14/0x18 running_clock+0xc/0x18 preempt_count_add+0x88/0x110 prep_new_page+0xb0/0x220 get_page_from_freelist+0x2d8/0x1778 __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x15c/0xef0 __vmalloc_node_range+0x28c/0x478 __vmalloc_node_flags_caller+0x8c/0xb0 kvmalloc_node+0x88/0xe0 nfsd_init_net+0x6c/0x108 [nfsd] ops_init+0x44/0x170 register_pernet_operations+0x114/0x270 register_pernet_subsys+0x34/0x50 init_nfsd+0xa8/0x718 [nfsd] do_one_initcall+0x54/0x2e0 CPU 2 : Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000010 PC is at : exports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd] Call trace: exports_net_open+0x50/0x68 [nfsd] exports_proc_open+0x2c/0x38 [nfsd] proc_reg_open+0xb8/0x198 do_dentry_open+0x1c4/0x418 vfs_open+0x38/0x48 path_openat+0x28c/0xf18 do_filp_open+0x70/0xe8 do_sys_open+0x154/0x248 Sometimes it crashes at exports_net_open() and sometimes cache_seq_next_rcu(). and same is happening on latest 6.14 kernel as well: [ 0.000000] Linux version 6.14.0-rc5-next-20250304-dirty ... [ 285.455918] Unable to handle kernel paging request at virtual address 00001f4800001f48 ... [ 285.464902] pc : cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4 ... [ 285.469695] Call trace: [ 285.470083] cache_seq_next_rcu+0x78/0xa4 (P) [ 285.470488] seq_read+0xe0/0x11c [ 285.470675] proc_reg_read+0x9c/0xf0 [ 285.470874] vfs_read+0xc4/0x2fc [ 285.471057] ksys_read+0x6c/0xf4 [ 285.471231] __arm64_sys_read+0x1c/0x28 [ 285.471428] invoke_syscall+0x44/0x100 [ 285.471633] el0_svc_common.constprop.0+0x40/0xe0 [ 285.471870] do_el0_svc_compat+0x1c/0x34 [ 285.472073] el0_svc_compat+0x2c/0x80 [ 285.472265] el0t_32_sync_handler+0x90/0x140 [ 285.472473] el0t_32_sync+0x19c/0x1a0 [ 285.472887] Code: f9400885 93407c23 937d7c27 11000421 (f86378a3) [ 285.473422] ---[ fin del seguimiento 0000000000000000 ]--- Se reprodujo simplemente con el siguiente script: mientras [ 1 ] do /exportfs -r done \u0026amp; mientras [ 1 ] do insmod /nfsd.ko mount -t nfsd none /proc/fs/nfsd umount /proc/fs/nfsd rmmod nfsd done \u0026amp; Por lo tanto, la exportaci\u00f3n de interfaces al espacio de usuario se realizar\u00e1 Por fin, listo y con limpieza desde el principio. Con el cambio, no hay problemas de POO del kernel.\"}],\"metrics\":{\"cvssMetricV31\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"cvssData\":{\"version\":\"3.1\",\"vectorString\":\"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H\",\"baseScore\":4.7,\"baseSeverity\":\"MEDIUM\",\"attackVector\":\"LOCAL\",\"attackComplexity\":\"HIGH\",\"privilegesRequired\":\"LOW\",\"userInteraction\":\"NONE\",\"scope\":\"UNCHANGED\",\"confidentialityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"integrityImpact\":\"NONE\",\"availabilityImpact\":\"HIGH\"},\"exploitabilityScore\":1.0,\"impactScore\":3.6}]},\"weaknesses\":[{\"source\":\"nvd@nist.gov\",\"type\":\"Primary\",\"description\":[{\"lang\":\"en\",\"value\":\"CWE-362\"}]}],\"configurations\":[{\"nodes\":[{\"operator\":\"OR\",\"negate\":false,\"cpeMatch\":[{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.12.35\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"B6592B0B-A570-4D3F-A648-F0CA0C7A6770\"},{\"vulnerable\":true,\"criteria\":\"cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*\",\"versionStartIncluding\":\"6.13\",\"versionEndExcluding\":\"6.15.4\",\"matchCriteriaId\":\"DFD174C5-1AA2-4671-BDDC-1A9FCC753655\"}]}]}],\"references\":[{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2029ca75cdfa6a25716a5a76b751486cce7e3822\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/327011a2bb4f7de9c72b891a96ce8d902828bddf\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/49b57b98fa601ae6cc7897bab4515129da8290f7\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8120e420013d947c890f358f30a2d98ba8ac20bc\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88d6785c173a7c4de05bef8c4fd8a9b42ead02d5\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]},{\"url\":\"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f7fb730cac9aafda8b9813b55d04e28a9664d17c\",\"source\":\"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67\",\"tags\":[\"Patch\"]}]}}"
  }
}


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Forecast uses a logistic model when the trend is rising, or an exponential decay model when the trend is falling. Fitted via linearized least squares.

Sightings

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Nomenclature

  • Seen: The vulnerability was mentioned, discussed, or observed by the user.
  • Confirmed: The vulnerability has been validated from an analyst's perspective.
  • Published Proof of Concept: A public proof of concept is available for this vulnerability.
  • Exploited: The vulnerability was observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Patched: The vulnerability was observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not exploited: The vulnerability was not observed as exploited by the user who reported the sighting.
  • Not confirmed: The user expressed doubt about the validity of the vulnerability.
  • Not patched: The vulnerability was not observed as successfully patched by the user who reported the sighting.



Detection rules are retrieved from Rulezet.