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      <title>CVE-2026-86434 — commonmark 2.0.0 through 2.8.3 Denial of Service via Slug Collision</title>
      <link>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2026-86434</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; thephpleague commonmark&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;league/commonmark versions &amp;gt;= 2.0.0 and &amp;lt; 2.8.4 (patched in 2.9.0) contain a denial of service vulnerability in UniqueSlugNormalizer::normalize(), which restarts its numeric-suffix search from 1 on every slug collision, resulting in O(K^2) time complexity for K headings that collapse to the same base slug. The vulnerable path is reached when HeadingPermalinkExtension, FootnoteExtension, or TableOfContentsExtension is registered. An unauthenticated attacker can force many headings onto a single base slug (e.g., via empty ATX headings, identical heading text, or punctuation-only headings) in a small Markdown document, consuming excessive CPU and denying service.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; thephpleague commonmark&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;league/commonmark versions &amp;gt;= 2.0.0 and &amp;lt; 2.8.4 (patched in 2.9.0) contain a denial of service vulnerability in UniqueSlugNormalizer::normalize(), which restarts its numeric-suffix search from 1 on every slug collision, resulting in O(K^2) time complexity for K headings that collapse to the same base slug. The vulnerable path is reached when HeadingPermalinkExtension, FootnoteExtension, or TableOfContentsExtension is registered. An unauthenticated attacker can force many headings onto a single base slug (e.g., via empty ATX headings, identical heading text, or punctuation-only headings) in a small Markdown document, consuming excessive CPU and denying service.&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
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