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    <link>https://vulnerability.circl.lu</link>
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    <lastBuildDate>Tue, 29 Sep 2026 22:47:53 +0000</lastBuildDate>
    <item>
      <title>CVE-2026-98084 — bpf: backtracking shouldn't clear outer frame R1-R5 for callbacks</title>
      <link>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2026-98084</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; Linux&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;bpf: backtracking shouldn&amp;#39;t clear outer frame R1-R5 for callbacks&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When processing calls to bpf_loop() verifier marks R1 (and R4) as
precise. R1 tracks loop iterations number and because of the
&amp;#39;callback_depth &amp;lt; R1&amp;#39; mechanics in check_helper_call() must be marked
precise. However, precision propagation for R1 was broken,
when bpf_loop() call was verified on a second iteration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Consider the following verification trace:
- main: bpf_loop(nr_loops, callback ...)
- callback: BPF_EXIT
- main: bpf_loop(nr_loops, callback ...)
- ...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While the first visit of the call to bpf_loop() propagated R1
precision as expected, the second call to mark_chain_precision() in
the check_helper_call() set R1, but it was immediately reset when
backtrack_insn() processed preceding BPF_EXIT in the loop deleted in
this patch.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Because of that, the second visit of the call to bpf_loop() injected
checkpoint with R1 not marked as precise. Which could trick the
verifier into accepting unsafe programs. See the next patch for an
example of such program.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Commit is structured in a way to minimize conflicts when
&amp;#39;bpf&amp;#39; would be eventually merged with &amp;#39;bpf-next&amp;#39;.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded>&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Affected:&lt;/strong&gt; Linux&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;bpf: backtracking shouldn&amp;#39;t clear outer frame R1-R5 for callbacks&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;When processing calls to bpf_loop() verifier marks R1 (and R4) as
precise. R1 tracks loop iterations number and because of the
&amp;#39;callback_depth &amp;lt; R1&amp;#39; mechanics in check_helper_call() must be marked
precise. However, precision propagation for R1 was broken,
when bpf_loop() call was verified on a second iteration.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Consider the following verification trace:
- main: bpf_loop(nr_loops, callback ...)
- callback: BPF_EXIT
- main: bpf_loop(nr_loops, callback ...)
- ...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;While the first visit of the call to bpf_loop() propagated R1
precision as expected, the second call to mark_chain_precision() in
the check_helper_call() set R1, but it was immediately reset when
backtrack_insn() processed preceding BPF_EXIT in the loop deleted in
this patch.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Because of that, the second visit of the call to bpf_loop() injected
checkpoint with R1 not marked as precise. Which could trick the
verifier into accepting unsafe programs. See the next patch for an
example of such program.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Commit is structured in a way to minimize conflicts when
&amp;#39;bpf&amp;#39; would be eventually merged with &amp;#39;bpf-next&amp;#39;.&lt;/p&gt;</content:encoded>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2026-98084</guid>
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