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  <updated>2026-09-29T02:02:41.570711+00:00</updated>
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  <entry>
    <id>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/ghsa-7h2j-956f-4vf2</id>
    <title>GHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 — @isaacs/brace-expansion has Uncontrolled Resource Consumption</title>
    <updated>2026-09-29T02:02:45.129545+00:00</updated>
    <content type="xhtml">
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p><strong>Affected:</strong> npm: @isaacs/brace-expansion</p>
<p>### Summary</p>
<p>`@isaacs/brace-expansion` is vulnerable to a Denial of Service (DoS) issue caused by unbounded brace range expansion. When an attacker provides a pattern containing repeated numeric brace ranges, the library attempts to eagerly generate every possible combination synchronously. Because the expansion grows exponentially, even a small input can consume excessive CPU and memory and may crash the Node.js process.</p>
<p>### Details</p>
<p>The vulnerability occurs because `@isaacs/brace-expansion` expands brace expressions without any upper bound or complexity limit. Expansion is performed eagerly and synchronously, meaning the full result set is generated before returning control to the caller.</p>
<p>For example, the following input:</p>
<p>```
{0..99}{0..99}{0..99}{0..99}{0..99}
```</p>
<p>produces:</p>
<p>```
100^5 = 10,000,000,000 combinations
```</p>
<p>This exponential growth can quickly overwhelm the event loop and heap memory, resulting in process termination.</p>
<p>### Proof of Concept</p>
<p>The following script reliably triggers the issue.</p>
<p>Create `poc.js`:</p>
<p>```js
const { expand } = require('@isaacs/brace-expansion');</p>
<p>const pattern = '{0..99}{0..99}{0..99}{0..99}{0..99}';</p>
<p>console.log('Starting expansion...');
expand(pattern);
```</p>
<p>Run it:</p>
<p>```bash
node poc.js
```</p>
<p>The process will freeze and typically crash with an error such as:</p>
<p>```
FATAL ERROR: JavaScript heap out of memory
```</p>
<p>### Impact</p>
<p>This is a denial of service vulnerability. Any application or downstream dependency that uses `@isaacs/brace-expa…</p></div>
    </content>
    <link href="https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/ghsa-7h2j-956f-4vf2"/>
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