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  <updated>2026-10-09T23:37:18.913523+00:00</updated>
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  <entry>
    <id>https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2026-98231</id>
    <title>CVE-2026-98231 — xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush</title>
    <updated>2026-10-09T23:37:18.916425+00:00</updated>
    <content type="xhtml">
      <div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><p><strong>Affected:</strong> Linux</p>
<p>In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:</p>
<p>xfrm: serialize state GC with device state flush</p>
<p>The deferred-device pass in xfrm_dev_state_flush() finds states under
xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock, but drops the lock before calling
xfrm_dev_state_free() because the driver callback may sleep.  The device
GC list does not hold an xfrm_state reference, so the state GC worker can
destroy the same state concurrently.</p>
<p>The race can proceed as follows:</p>
<p>CPU 0                               CPU 1
  find x on the device GC list
  drop xfrm_state_dev_gc_lock
  read x-&gt;xso.dev
                                      xfrm_state_gc_destroy(x)
                                      xfrm_dev_state_free(x)
                                      xfrm_state_free(x)
  continue xfrm_dev_state_free(x)</p>
<p>Both paths can invoke the driver callback and drop the device reference.
CPU 0 can also access the xfrm_state after CPU 1 has freed it.</p>
<p>KASAN reported:</p>
<p>BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0
  Read of size 8 at addr ffff88810bbaa960 by task poc/102</p>
<p>Call Trace:
   xfrm_dev_state_free+0x24c/0x2a0
   xfrm_dev_state_flush+0x353/0x400
   xfrm_dev_event+0x26d/0x3a0
   notifier_call_chain+0xc0/0x280
   __dev_notify_flags+0x169/0x250
   netif_change_flags+0xe7/0x160
   dev_change_flags+0x96/0x220
   devinet_ioctl+0x7f4/0x1880</p>
<p>Allocated by task 87:
   xfrm_state_alloc+0x1e/0x5c0
   xfrm_add_sa+0xe7f/0x5820
   xfrm_user_rcv_msg+0x4f3/0x940</p>
<p>Freed by task 5…</p></div>
    </content>
    <link href="https://vulnerability.circl.lu/vuln/cve-2026-98231"/>
  </entry>
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