{"@ID": "1392", "@Name": "Use of Default Credentials", "@Abstraction": "Base", "@Structure": "Simple", "@Status": "Incomplete", "Description": "The product uses default credentials (such as passwords or cryptographic keys) for potentially critical functionality.", "Extended_Description": "It is common practice for products to be designed to use\n\tdefault keys, passwords, or other mechanisms for\n\tauthentication.  The rationale is to simplify the\n\tmanufacturing process or the system administrator's task of\n\tinstallation and deployment into an enterprise. However, if\n\tadmins do not change the defaults, it is easier for attackers\n\tto bypass authentication quickly across multiple\n\torganizations.", "Related_Weaknesses": {"Related_Weakness": {"@Nature": "ChildOf", "@CWE_ID": "1391", "@View_ID": "1000", "@Ordinal": "Primary"}}, "Weakness_Ordinalities": {"Weakness_Ordinality": {"Ordinality": "Primary"}}, "Applicable_Platforms": {"Language": {"@Class": "Not Language-Specific", "@Prevalence": "Undetermined"}, "Operating_System": {"@Class": "Not OS-Specific", "@Prevalence": "Undetermined"}, "Architecture": {"@Class": "Not Architecture-Specific", "@Prevalence": "Undetermined"}, "Technology": [{"@Class": "ICS/OT", "@Prevalence": "Undetermined"}, {"@Class": "Not Technology-Specific", "@Prevalence": "Undetermined"}]}, "Modes_Of_Introduction": {"Introduction": {"Phase": "Architecture and Design"}}, "Common_Consequences": {"Consequence": {"Scope": "Authentication", "Impact": "Gain Privileges or Assume Identity"}}, "Potential_Mitigations": {"Mitigation": [{"Phase": "Requirements", "Description": "Prohibit use of default, hard-coded, or other values that do not vary for each installation of the product - especially for separate organizations.", "Effectiveness": "High"}, {"Phase": "Architecture and Design", "Description": "Force the administrator to change the credential upon installation.", "Effectiveness": "High"}, {"Phase": ["Installation", "Operation"], "Description": "The product administrator could change the defaults upon installation or during operation.", "Effectiveness": "Moderate"}]}, "Demonstrative_Examples": {"Demonstrative_Example": {"@Demonstrative_Example_ID": "DX-153", "Intro_Text": "In 2022, the OT:ICEFALL study examined products by 10 different Operational Technology (OT) vendors. The researchers reported 56 vulnerabilities and said that the products were \"insecure by design\" [REF-1283]. If exploited, these vulnerabilities often allowed adversaries to change how the products operated, ranging from denial of service to changing the code that the products executed. Since these products were often used in industries such as power, electrical, water, and others, there could even be safety implications.", "Body_Text": "At least one OT product used default credentials."}}, "Observed_Examples": {"Observed_Example": [{"Reference": "CVE-2022-30270", "Description": "Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) uses default credentials for some SSH accounts", "Link": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2022-30270"}, {"Reference": "CVE-2021-41192", "Description": "data visualization/sharing package uses default secret keys or cookie values if they are not specified in environment variables", "Link": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-41192"}, {"Reference": "CVE-2021-38759", "Description": "microcontroller board has default password, allowing admin access", "Link": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-38759"}, {"Reference": "CVE-2018-3825", "Description": "cloud cluster management product has a default master encryption key", "Link": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2018-3825"}, {"Reference": "CVE-2010-2306", "Description": "Intrusion Detection System (IDS) uses the same static, private SSL keys for multiple devices and installations, allowing decryption of SSL traffic", "Link": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2010-2306"}]}, "References": {"Reference": {"@External_Reference_ID": "REF-1283"}}, "Mapping_Notes": {"Usage": "Allowed", "Rationale": "This CWE entry is at the Base level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.", "Comments": "Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.", "Reasons": {"Reason": {"@Type": "Acceptable-Use"}}}, "Content_History": {"Submission": {"Submission_Name": "CWE Content Team", "Submission_Organization": "MITRE", "Submission_Date": "2022-10-07", "Submission_Version": "4.9", "Submission_ReleaseDate": "2022-10-13"}, "Modification": [{"Modification_Name": "CWE Content Team", "Modification_Organization": "MITRE", "Modification_Date": "2023-01-31", "Modification_Version": "4.10", "Modification_ReleaseDate": "2023-01-31", "Modification_Comment": "updated Applicable_Platforms, Demonstrative_Examples, Observed_Examples, References"}, {"Modification_Name": "CWE Content Team", "Modification_Organization": "MITRE", "Modification_Date": "2023-04-27", "Modification_Version": "4.11", "Modification_ReleaseDate": "2023-04-27", "Modification_Comment": "updated Relationships"}, {"Modification_Name": "CWE Content Team", "Modification_Organization": "MITRE", "Modification_Date": "2023-06-29", "Modification_Version": "4.12", "Modification_ReleaseDate": "2023-06-29", "Modification_Comment": "updated Mapping_Notes"}, {"Modification_Name": "CWE Content Team", "Modification_Organization": "MITRE", "Modification_Date": "2024-11-19", "Modification_Version": "4.16", "Modification_ReleaseDate": "2024-11-19", "Modification_Comment": "updated Observed_Examples"}, {"Modification_Name": "CWE Content Team", "Modification_Organization": "MITRE", "Modification_Date": "2025-12-11", "Modification_Version": "4.19", "Modification_ReleaseDate": "2025-12-11", "Modification_Comment": "updated Observed_Examples, Relationships, Weakness_Ordinalities"}]}}